黑洞社区

Low energy this and carbon footprint that these days Britain鈥檚 supermarkets are almost as keen on trumpeting their eco credentials as their latest price cuts. As public perception of retailers plummets to an all-time low, their efforts to convince us that they鈥檙e a good thing have gone into overdrive.

黑洞社区 conducted a straw poll of sustainability experts and compiled a list of the retailers that appear to be doing most to pioneer greener stores. Then we quizzed the stores themselves for the details behind the greenwash 鈥� how exactly they鈥檙e changing the way they build and what this means for the construction firms who work for them. Are they making sustainability work or is it just a loss leader to draw the crowds?

Everyone thinks Tesco is winning the PR war, but what鈥檚 it really doing differently? 厂补颈苍蝉产耻谤测鈥檚 built that eco-store in Greenwich but what has it done since? Asda is bound by the zero-carbon pledge of its US parent Walmart, and John Lewis has brought in sustainability guidelines for its planned expansion of Waitrose stores. The only pioneer missing here is Marks & Spencer, with its Plan A sustainability regime, but we鈥檒l take a look at its newly refurbished Bournemouth store.

Tesco

What鈥檚 their target?

• Halve energy use in Tesco buildings by 2010, against a baseline of 2000
• Reduce carbon emissions from stores and distribution centres by at least 50% by 2020
• Cut carbon emitted from all new stores built between now and 2020 by at least 50% compared with an equivalent store built in 2006.

What they鈥檙e doing

Over the next five years, Tesco says it will spend more than 拢50m on low-carbon technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It has also dedicated a 拢100m fund to developing green energy resources such as wind turbines, solar panels and gasification.

As part of this, the retailer is working with Brunel University and the Carbon Trust to develop trigeneration combined heat and power (CHP) technology for stores and distribution centres. In doing so it hopes to save over 10,000 tonnes of CO2. The units help to capture and re-use heat created through power generation.

In terms of refrigeration, the company is in the process of phasing out refrigeration that uses hydrofluorocarbons, a greenhouse gas. It has installed two new systems - one based on CO2 and one based on CO2 and hydrocarbon refrigerants.

Recycling is also big at Tesco, and this could have implications for its suppliers. Since 2005, the store has been installing automated recycling units, which sort the waste into plastic, metal and glass so customers don鈥檛 have to. By February 2008, Tesco wants the units at 106 stores; an investment of more than 拢15m this year.

A few of their favourite things

The retailer has already installed low-energy fans, timers on lights and high-efficiency refrigeration in its existing stores in order to save energy. It has also pioneered the latest new-age technology in model environmental stores at Diss in Norfolk, Swansea, Wick in the Highlands, and Shrewsbury.

The Wick store paints a good picture of what they鈥檙e up to. Technology there has included roof-top rainwater collection for bathrooms, timber frames and renewable power such as wind turbines and solar panels to power the tills. The refrigerators are water-cooled, featuring energy-saving LED lighting. There is also a cold air retrieval system to move cold air away from the refrigerators, to cool the store rooms.

What it wants from suppliers

As with the other retailers, innovation is a key deal-maker for Tesco. It says it will consider opportunities for direct investment, to make sure that firms with promising technology get the capital they need.

There are also opportunities for subcontractors interested in green technology. The store is also complaining there are not enough technicians skilled to work on low-carbon technology, meaning it is now training environmental engineers, maintenance technicians and energy 鈥渃hampions鈥� in its stores.

To see it in action go to 鈥�

The model green stores in Diss, Swansea, Wick and Shrewsbury.

厂补颈苍蝉产耻谤测鈥檚

What鈥檚 their target?

• Reduce carbon dioxide emissions per m2 by 25% by 2012 against a 2004/05 baseline
• Recycle 100% of construction waste on 60% of projects by March 2008

What they鈥檙e doing

Construction practices play a strong part in 厂补颈苍蝉产耻谤测鈥檚鈥� green development campaign. The company has built a consolidation and recycling centre west of London, where construction waste is sorted and recycled. 黑洞社区 materials and equipment are grouped together for delivery, cutting down the number of vehicles on the road and the emissions they produce.

At its Frome store in Somerset, it鈥檚 making use of off-site manufacture. Many components, such as the back walls of the delicatessen areas and restaurants, are now built in factories before being shipped to site, cutting down on emissions both in production and delivery. The Frome store was built in just over a third of the usual time.

Since opening its green flagship store in Greenwich in 1999, 厂补颈苍蝉产耻谤测鈥檚 has been trying to replicate some of its pioneering technology across the board. It has spent 拢15m on energy efficiency projects in existing stores since 2002. Moreover, a new, more efficient depot opened in Northampton in September, which capitalised on natural light and on-site energy production, in the form of a heat and power plant. Rainwater harvesting facilities reduce its mains water usage by 50%.

A few of their favourite things

Renewable energy is big, with wind turbines, solar panels and combined heat and power plants all appearing across the estate. Energy-efficient lighting is being installed too, including skylights and passive infrared technology to switch off lights when there is nobody in a room. In terms of heating and ventilation, there are building management systems (BMS) to prevent overheating and overcooling, as well as free air cooling systems, variable speed drives and better building sealing to retain heated or cooled air.

In bathrooms and toilets, water-saving technology is being tested. Rain harvesting is now standard for all new buildings, and in its store support centre in Holborn, central London, it has reduced urinal flushing with a non-hazardous micro-biological system.

What it wants from suppliers

The buzz from 厂补颈苍蝉产耻谤测鈥檚 is that ideas are the most important thing a supplier can offer. If your business can come up with practical cutting-edge solutions for renewable energy, carbon reduction and water saving, you might just find yourself on Team 厂补颈苍蝉产耻谤测鈥檚. Make sure you have accreditation from a recognised environmental management system, such as ISO14001 鈥� 厂补颈苍蝉产耻谤测鈥檚 requires it from all of its suppliers by March 2008.

To see it in action go to 鈥�

Greenwich, the flagship green store featuring wind turbines, skylights, natural insulation and lots more.

Asda

What鈥檚 their target?

• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% in the new store programme
• Cut energy consumption in new stores 30% by 2009
• Send zero construction waste to landfill by 2010
• Cut energy consumption in existing stores 20% by 2012
• Run all stores on 100% renewable energy (eventually)

What they鈥檙e doing

Asda is building its 鈥済reenest store ever鈥� in Bootle, Merseyside. It incorporates all the latest in eco-technology, including wind turbines, solar panels, ground source heat pumps, timber frames and cladding, sunpipes, a biomass boiler, and efficient glass-front fridges.

Meanwhile, a timber-frame store is being built in Shaw, Oldham. It鈥檚 using timber instead of steel, as the production of steel emits more carbon.

It will also have a new ventilation system, reducing the need for air conditioning, and north lights on the roof will let in light but not heat. More eco-stores are being planned the next development will be in Glenrothes, Fife.

Asda is going all out on renewable energy. Planning applications have been submitted to construct wind turbines to power six depots across the UK. It believes the wind turbines, if granted planning permission, will generate 2.2mW of power 鈥� enough to power 1,100 homes.

The company has spent 拢42m on five regional recycling centres. It has also installed sustainable urban drainage systems at stores in Livingston, West Lothian, and Bishop Auckland, Durham. These release water more slowly, solocal rivers are not overloaded.

A few of their favourite things

The technologies pioneered in the eco-stores are being introduced to existing stores incrementally. Renewable energy favourites are wind turbines, solar panels, sunpipes (which channel sunlight), ground source heat pumps and biomass boilers.

In terms of energy efficiency, the company is going for north-facing skylights and efficient glass-front fridges.

What it wants from suppliers

The message from Asda is to keep your building practices sustainable. As a pioneer of green technology, it鈥檚 also open to new ideas and innovation.

To see it in action go to 鈥�

Bootle or Shaw.

John Lewis

• Improve annual energy consumption per sales area by 5% by 2008, and 10% by 2013, against a 2003/04 baseline
• Reduce carbon emissions per million pounds of sales by 10% by 2010 against 2001/02 baseline.

What they鈥檙e doing

John Lewis has plans for 10 new department stores in the next 10 years, as well as a big building plan for Waitrose. The retailer brought in new building guidelines in its February 2007 sustainability policy, meaning new stores will be more energy-efficient and environment-friendly. They are also implementing the guidelines in old stores such as Cambridge and Liverpool. Following case studies at John Lewis Trafford and Waitrose Lichfield, it has also introduced guidelines to increase recycling and reduce waste.

A few of their favourite things

All supermarkets, department stores, distribution centres and offices are supplied by EDF Energy, which uses 100% renewable sources such as wind and hydroelectricity. The retailer is also looking to forge long-term supply contracts with wind farms.

However, the company stresses it focuses more on energy efficiency than renewable sources. It says it doesn鈥檛 want to 鈥渟howboat鈥�, and will not install features such as solar panels that it sees as ineffective and not economically viable. Instead, John Lewis is pushing innovations like high-efficiency lighting and variable speed drives on handling units, which slow down speed and save energy. It is also installing more efficient refrigeration and freezer systems and updating its BMS systems, which control the timing of lighting and temperature.

Despite the partnership鈥檚 distaste for showboating, it has introduced solar panels and turbines at its Leckford Estate farm in Hampshire where it rears free-range poultry. The chickens shelter in 40 acres of short rotation coppice, which can later be turned into wood fuel.

What it wants from suppliers

John Lewis wants 20% of all construction materials to be from recycled sources, and is aiming for 25%. It also encourages (although doesn鈥檛 force) all suppliers to sort their waste and recycle it. The main message going out is that suppliers should be as energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly as possible; for ideas, turn to those sustainable development guidelines, published this year.

To see it in action go to 鈥�

A shed in Milton Keynes.