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Heathrow airport鈥檚 plans to build a third runway have been ruled illegal by the Court of Appeal because ministers did not sufficiently consider the government鈥檚 commitment to tackling climate change.

The ruling is a blow to the controversial project as Boris Johnson, who has been a vocal opponent, may now turn his back on it rather than appeal against the decision in the Supreme Court. 

Prior to this decision the expectation had been that the 拢14bn third runway could be built by 2028.

Johnson, who was foreign secretary and in Afghanistan when MPs voted to approve the 拢14bn scheme 18 months ago, was heavily criticised for not being in the House of Commons to voice his opinion. 

The prime minister, whose Uxbridge and South Ruislip constituency is under the Heathrow flight path, had previously said: 鈥淚 will lie down in front of those bulldozers and stop the construction of that third runway.鈥� In order to have voted against the government he would have had to resign.

An alternative to appealing the Court of Appeal鈥檚 decision would be for the government to draw up a new policy document in order to approve the runway.

While the government has not indicated whether it will appeal against the ruling, Heathrow has said it will do so, according to Sky. 鈥淲e will appeal to the Supreme Court on this one issue and are confident we will be successful,鈥� said a statement from the airport.

Only winners from a refusal to expand Heathrow as agreed by Parliament 2 years ago will be other international hubs that will take the extra traffic, esp Amsterdam, Paris & Dubai

There won鈥檛 be fewer flights, they just won鈥檛 come to Britain. We will be poorer, they richer

鈥� Andrew Adonis (@Andrew_Adonis)

The court鈥檚 ruling is the first in the world to be based on the Paris agreement and may trigger challenges against other major infrastructure projects in the UK and abroad.

In its ruling the court stressed that it had not decided whether or not Heathrow鈥檚 expansion should go ahead but merely ruled that the Airports National Policy Statement (ANPS), which approved the project in its current form was unlawful.

It said that failure to consider the Paris agreement had been 鈥渓egally fatal鈥� to the ANPS.

The ruling said: 鈥淲e have not decided, and could not decide, that there will be no third runway at Heathrow. We have not found that a national policy statement supporting this project is necessarily incompatible with the United Kingdom鈥檚 commitment to reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change under the Paris Agreement, or with any other policy the government may adopt or international obligation it may undertake.

鈥淭he consequence of our decision is that the government will now have the opportunity to reconsider the ANPS in accordance with the clear statutory requirements that parliament has imposed.鈥�

BREAKING: We won! Today we blocked the Tory government plans to build a third runway at Heathrow Airport.

Today鈥檚 judgment is a major victory for all Londoners who are passionate about tackling the climate emergency and cleaning up our air.

鈥� Sadiq Khan (@SadiqKhan)

The challenges were dismissed in the High Court in May last year but the complainants took their cases to the Court of Appeal.

Environmental group Friends of the Earth, represented by law firm Leigh Day, brought one of the legal challenges, focusing on the climate change impact of a third runway.

The group argued that the government鈥檚 decision to allow expansion was unlawful as it failed to explain how it fitted in with the UK鈥檚 climate change policy.

It also claimed that the decision breached the Department for Transport鈥檚 sustainable development duties in failing to consider mitigating climate change for future generations.