黑洞社区

Glenn Howells is an architect with a clear sense of history. It is fitting, therefore, that the photo shoot for this interview took place in the Aston Webb room at the RIBA in central London. Almost exactly 100 years ago, Webb was commissioned by Sir Joseph Chamberlain to build the semi-circle at the University of Birmingham, a building that Howells鈥� practice completed last year. 黑洞社区 would love to claim responsibility for the aptness of the setting, but in reality it was only when Howells was in front of the camera that he himself made the connection.

Howells鈥� interest in history is far from academic. Rather, he seeks to make use of the historical built environment to inform his contribution to its present and future development. In particular, he believes that the adaptability of older architectural forms contains lessons for the built environment of the future: if a building can easily switch between uses it is unlikely to become obsolete and need to be replaced, something with obvious benefits both to the environment and the building鈥檚 owners.

Howells鈥� eponymously named practice鈥檚 London office is a case in point. A conversion of the old Sarson鈥檚 vinegar factory on the south bank of the Thames, the building鈥檚 adaptation was undertaken by Howells himself and configured in such a way that it can easily switch between residential and office use. 鈥淚t wasn鈥檛 a huge project,鈥� says Howells. 鈥淏ut when we did it we just thought 鈥榟ow sensible鈥�.鈥�

The project also got Howells thinking: about how we work, how we live and how we study - and how all of that should inform the development projects that the construction and property industries undertake in the modern era. His conclusion? 鈥淚t鈥檚 all getting messier.鈥� So, how should the industry respond to the mess and what practical solutions has Howells come up with?

Adaptation theory

First off, a qualification: Howells isn鈥檛 arguing that there is never a case for dedicated office development. 鈥淚n central London you鈥檝e got areas that are core office locations and the corporate market is strong enough to drive large floor plates,鈥� he says. However, away from such sites, Howells believes that there is a need for more adaptable buildings that can serve smaller companies and be easily converted into housing depending on what is needed locally.

鈥淲e鈥檙e working on a number of masterplans that question what office space will be, especially in non-core office locations,鈥� he says. 鈥淲e鈥檝e seen it over the last 100 years, but I don鈥檛 think that there is an inexorable shift towards larger floor plate offices.鈥� Howells adds that many smaller, creative companies have no desire to grow beyond 40 people and require no more than a 3,000ft² floor plate, which makes the idea of space for such companies being adaptable for residential use that much easier.

We鈥檙e working on a number of masterplans that question what office space will be, especially in non-core office locations

Similarly, Howells believes that the distinction between the commercial and academic requirements for buildings is starting to break down. Increasingly, he says, companies are partnering with universities to provide them with the research and development capacity they require, citing Jaguar Land Rover鈥檚 current investment in the National Automotive Innovation Centre at the University of Warwick. 鈥淚f Jaguar Land Rover wants to develop a new product they鈥檒l get there quicker if they do it through partnering with a research unit at a university,鈥� he says. 鈥淚t鈥檚 a nimbler arrangement: they buy the [research capacity] when they need it. Universities are changing. The best ones are no longer just about selling degrees.鈥�

This, Howells argues, has a big impact on the sorts of buildings companies and universities need, and on universities鈥� attitudes towards property. 鈥淯niversity buildings and office buildings are becoming more similar,鈥� he says. 鈥淵ou might get to the point where universities don鈥檛 necessarily want to own buildings. They might want to take a lease on a building because they don鈥檛 know what their needs are going to be for the next 100 years. University estates and business districts are becoming indistinct.鈥�

Technological change is making what Howells proposes a lot easier. While traditionally office floor-to-ceiling heights needed to be greater than those in residential buildings in order to take account of the extra facilities needed in a commercial environment, technological development is rendering that requirement obsolete. 鈥淭he idea that you need a raised-access floor and suspended ceilings is no longer the case,鈥� he says. 鈥淚 think that what you鈥檒l see in the next few years are smarter ways of getting power around [a building]. Wireless technology will play a big part because you don鈥檛 need to get all of your comms through the floor. There鈥檚 less kit - everything is getting smaller.鈥�

Sea change

It appears that government thinking is at least consistent with Howells鈥� proposals, with the removal of the need for planning permission for a building to change use-class between commercial and residential. However, some councils have proved resistant to the change and have been offered the opportunity to apply for an exemption. Indeed, Peter Rees, the City of London Corporation鈥檚 stalwart chief planner, secured an exemption before other authorities had been granted the right to make the case for one. Could resistance from the planning profession prove problematic?

Howells thinks not, stating that there has been a widespread acceptance that the role of public sector planners is 鈥渘o longer to resist development鈥�. He says: 鈥淚t鈥檚 a slow sea change but I鈥檝e detected it. 黑洞社区s and offices and housing aren鈥檛 a small part of our economy. We can鈥檛 be in the business of resisting development any more because otherwise we don鈥檛 have an economy.鈥�

Howells recognises that outside urban areas local authorities still tend to be more conservative, but adds: 鈥淲hat I don鈥檛 see meeting so much resistance is using our cities in a more intelligent way. There鈥檚 a recognition that we have got to be cleverer about how we use our built assets. A fifties鈥� idea of zoning is totally out of date.鈥�

To a certain extent, Howells鈥� ideas aren鈥檛 particularly revolutionary - something he readily volunteers. The use of buildings intended for housing as offices has been happening for a long time, as a casual examination of many streets in central London makes clear. 鈥淚t鈥檚 already there in the City, because some of those smaller companies that serve the larger ones are in conversions.鈥�

Howells gestures through a window to a terrace of Georgian townhouses beyond. 鈥淭here鈥檚 loads of capacity in conversions that you don鈥檛 even notice. Around here there are loads of offices in Georgian or Victorian buildings that were built as houses.鈥� Forward-thinking authorities are also amenable to sensitive conversions. Howells points to his and developer Urban Splash鈥檚 conversion of the Rotunda building in central Birmingham from office to residential use.

So Howells鈥� contention that the way we live is getting messier is convincing and his solution is quite neat. After all, surely city dwellers would rather have buildings that can adapt as society changes than be surrounded by redundant ones?