黑洞社区

The horrific fire at Grenfell Tower has rightly raised huge questions of all kinds about the construction industry 鈥� of the codes and regulations it follows, of the products it uses, of the way it procures, of the way it manages the buildings it builds, and of how it responds when rules are bent or broken. Work to answer those questions has been ongoing ever since. But until last week鈥檚 publication of a report, called Raising the Bar, relatively little has been said about one of the most fundamental questions of all: are the individuals in the industry competent to do what they do?

The 600-page report, the culmination of behind-the-scenes collaboration by more than 150 institutions and 300 professionals, aims to be a blueprint for how the industry can ensure its designers, engineers, installers and managers are verifiably competent to design fire-safe buildings. Drawn up in response to Dame Judith Hackitt鈥檚 report on fire safety regulation, its initial aim is to create a framework for the safe construction of high rise housing blocks 鈥� high risk residential buildings or HRRBs in Hackitt鈥檚 jargon. But its ultimate ambition is much broader: nothing less than a system for proving life-safety competency of individuals working across the whole industry.

So while you may not have heard much about it so far, you probably need to get your head around it. Andrew Barraclough, group design director at contractor Wates, says: 鈥淪ome people think this is about just turning the dial a bit on fire safety. I think it鈥檚 much more fundamental than that. Those who think this is just an HRRB issue are in for quite a nasty shock.鈥�

So, what is the system the report proposes? If agreed, how will it be implemented? And what implications could it have on the cost and availability of skilled people?

Some people think this is about just turning the dial a bit on fire safety. I think it鈥檚 much more fundamental than that

Andrew Barraclough, Wates

Huge scale

The first problem the report authors 鈥� the industry-led Competency Steering Group (CSG) chaired by Construction Industry Council chief executive Graham Watts 鈥� have had to get to grips with is the sheer scope of trades and professions with roles on HRRB projects relevant to fire safety. The report considers 12 separate roles, everything from architects and engineers to specialist fire engineers, product installers, building standards professionals and the entirely new role of building safety managers.  

It proposes nominating existing trade bodies and professional institutions to oversee relevant training and accreditation to those people who need it, where possible. But for some roles, such as installers, there is no clear existing body to take charge, and in the case of building safety managers 鈥� a role devised by Hackitt to look after buildings safely after they鈥檝e been completed 鈥� the whole profession is still effectively in the process of being invented.

The framework also proposes independent accreditation for those bodies themselves, and a new overarching body overseeing the lot (see box How will it work?).

Wates鈥� Barraclough says the sheer complexity of this vision could make it hard to roll out. 鈥淭his is a colossal piece of work,鈥� he says. 鈥淭he challenge will be in the practicality of how all this happens.鈥� Likewise, Jenny Burridge, head of structural engineering at the Concrete Centre, says she is concerned this complexity could limit industry buy-in: 鈥淭his report shows just how complicated a task this is. We鈥檒l need to guard against this becoming a kind of bureaucratic nightmare.鈥�

Peter Caplehorn, interim chief executive at the Construction Products Association (CPA) and deputy chair of the CSG which drew up the report, says the body was mindful of this issue: 鈥淐learly, this could get unwieldy if we鈥檙e not careful, so we want it as lightweight as possible. But we have to ensure there鈥檚 enough in there 鈥� people checking the checkers 鈥� to give comfort to people that this isn鈥檛 the industry marking its own homework.鈥�

Costs

Either way, the development of new courses, setting up of new bodies, accreditation, administration of lists of accredited workers, and not least the rolling out of training itself will not be cost-free. In the summer, the government estimated the whole post-Grenfell regulatory package, of which this is a part, could cost the industry as much as 拢570m per year. The CPA鈥檚 Caplehorn says: 鈥淥bviously there are costs here. Overall, in the short term, its going to cost people more.鈥�  

However, he said it wasn鈥檛 yet clear exactly where those costs will fall. Fire engineer Steve Cooper, director at consultant Tenos, says members of professional institutes will be the most likely to bear the brunt. But ultimately, he says, higher membership fees 鈥渨ill be passed on to clients and the cost of buildings will need to rise as a result鈥�.

Given the cost and complexity of all this, a significant concern 鈥� voiced in the report itself 鈥� is that parts of the industry will just ignore the new requirements, using the argument that they are not directly involved in working on HRRBs. The report says it is thus 鈥渧ital鈥� government takes the lead by mandating conformity on relevant public sector projects, without which, it says, 鈥渃ompanies may choose to shun HRRB work鈥�.

Wates鈥� Barraclough says: 鈥淚 suspect only some people will involve themselves, and we鈥檒l get to a partitioned industry,鈥� while lawyer Charis Beverton, senior associate at Winckworth Sherwood, says: 鈥淚f this ends up requiring significant investment, then firms may well opt out.鈥� The Concrete Centre鈥檚 Burridge says: 鈥淭his will be taken up by bigger companies. But I can see a whole part of the industry saying we don鈥檛 want anything to do with it, and stepping away.鈥�

 

 

Shortages

If this is the case, it could create severe skills shortages for anyone trying to build residential towers, putting more pressure on build costs. Adrian Dobson, executive director of professional services at the Riba, says his concern is not the cost to become accredited but the number of people that choose to. He says: 鈥淚t鈥檚 more about whether we end up with a shortage of qualified people.鈥�

This risk could be exacerbated if insurers prove reluctant to insure practitioners, and by the brief timescale in which the industry will have to adopt this. The competence framework is designed to underpin the government鈥檚 forthcoming 黑洞社区 Bill, setting out the new regulatory environment for the industry post-Grenfell, which is expected this winter, for enactment next year.

Andrew Barraclough says: 鈥淭hey鈥檙e saying accreditation will be in place by June-July next year 鈥� I think this is extremely optimistic. To implement this and get to a new steady state will take a considerable time.鈥�

Winckworth Sherwood鈥檚 Beverton says: 鈥淭here鈥檚 a lot of work to do. I suspect there will be some degree of skills gap when this comes in.鈥�

However, CSG chair Graham Watts (pictured below) says a huge amount of work is already going on by existing professional institutions and trade bodies to work up courses and train staff to avoid this eventuality. 鈥淥bviously there鈥檚 a risk [of not being ready],鈥� he says, 鈥渂ut the training bodies are very alert to this and aren鈥檛 sitting around waiting for the legislation to be brought in.鈥� Nevertheless, he admits that for job roles such as installers, where no clear institutional framework exists, it could 鈥渢ake five years or more鈥� to get the

industry ready. Any firms that do opt out of this brave new world, of course, risk being left high and dry if and when the competency regime is rolled out beyond HRRBs. 鈥淥ur ambition,鈥� the report states, 鈥渋s that in time the competence frameworks should be adopted for all building types.鈥�

Caplehorn says this wider adoption is essential to avoid the kind of 鈥減artitioned鈥� industry predicted by Barraclough. 鈥淛udith Hackitt鈥檚 clear aspiration was for culture change,鈥� he says.

鈥淢y view is that, if we鈥檙e to achieve that, we can鈥檛 pick and choose across different bits of the industry. Ultimately, this has to apply to everyone.鈥� For him, that means not just across all types of work, but the same framework ultimately applying beyond fire safety to all types of life-safety critical expertise.

If that decision is made, then there is some optimism that this work could 鈥� finally 鈥� drive the broader reform in working practices many say they want. 鈥淚 think this could be the thing that drives culture change,鈥� says Jenny Burridge. 鈥淚n fact, I hope it is.  

鈥淢y fear is that the complexity here limits uptake and stops it being successful.鈥� Whether that happens is still to be determined.