黑洞社区

When education secretary Michael Gove announced on 5 July last year that he was cancelling 715 school building projects under the 黑洞社区 Schools for the Future programme, it was bad news for communities up and down the country. But few were hit as hard as Barking and Dagenham. This east London council is not only in the top 20 most deprived in the country, it also has the biggest predicted shortfall of pupil places, with immigration and demographic changes causing its birth rate to rocket 58% in the last 10 years. It had been allocated 拢270m of BSF cash to meet this need through the redevelopment of nine existing secondary schools and the construction of a new one on the site of the 10,000-home Barking Riverside regeneration scheme. But when the axe fell, Barking was one of those that suffered. As Rocky Gill, the borough鈥檚 education cabinet member, says: 鈥淭here鈥檚 just no way a council can replace a capital programme of 拢270m. It has a huge impact.鈥�

For Barking, the cuts have been compounded by the scrapping of the 拢7bn primary capital programme to rebuild or refurbish 8,000 primary schools in England, and a general local authority settlement reducing grants by almost 9%. In the past 12 months, the well of government funding across the country has all but run dry. And its impact on the construction industry is plain to see: figures released last week show new orders running 44% below what they were this time last year.

In the first part of 黑洞社区鈥檚 Back to School special (there鈥檚 more on pages 24, 29, 30 and 34), we examine what cuts of this scale mean for the education programme in one borough, Barking and Dagenham, and to the councils that have decided their only option is to challenge the government鈥檚 decision. Finally, we look at the case of one contractor struggling to make the cuts to enable schemes to go ahead.

Barking and Dagenham

The scale of the need for school places in Barking and Dagenham is startling. According to Gill, by 2020, 32% of the borough鈥檚 population will be under 20. In the next four years, 900 new primary school places will be needed - the equivalent of building two primary schools every year. The challenge for secondary school places as those children grow, while less immediately pressing, is also huge: 500 additional places are needed by the same point - equivalent to two 8-form secondary schools. This is in addition to the challenge of repairing the dilapidated school estate, where 22% of pupils are already learning in temporary classrooms, some of which are over 20 years old. Gill, who himself went to school at Barking Abbey comprehensive, says: 鈥淲e鈥檙e talking about cramped conditions, overcrowding, leaking roofs and classrooms not fully heated. Some of the site cabins I was assured would be removed when I was at school in the nineties are still there today. The science and CDT facilities in particular are appalling.鈥�

For Barking, like many other councils, Gove鈥檚 decision to ditch BSF wasn鈥檛 entirely a shock. The borough had rushed through a two-stage procurement process, appointing Laing O鈥橰ourke as its local education partnership provider just days before Gove鈥檚 announcement. The council knew that the further it was along the procurement process, the more likely it was to slip under the wire. So while initially fearing that all 10 schemes would be cut, the council secured a partial reprieve when its two sample schools, with a construction value of 拢50m, were saved in August.

This meant little, however, for attempts to tackle the looming shortfall in secondary school places. Both sample schools - Dagenham Park, designed by Allford Hall Monaghan Morris, and Sydney Russell - were replacements of existing schools, and together will provide only two of the 16 extra secondary classrooms needed by the borough in the next four years. It also meant little for schools such as Eastbury comprehensive, which missed out entirely. Head David Dixon had been working with Mace to help prepare the school for a 拢22m redevelopment since a partial PFI rebuild in 2005 left it with some new facilities, but half of the students learning in site cabins. He says the cabins suffer from extremes of temperature that make learning difficult. 鈥淭here鈥檚 something that happens with learning in the nice classrooms. The kids were really upset we weren鈥檛 getting the money. It was a blow,鈥� he says. As it is, he says, he鈥檚 left having to divert resources already under strain into patching up existing buildings, including repairing the boiler to ensure the school can stay open through the winter. 鈥淭his is a significant amount of money, which you can argue should be spent on books and stationery for learning.鈥�

But the shockwaves of Gove鈥檚 decision go far wider. Aside from the 鈥渉undreds鈥� of staff that would have been employed by Laing O鈥橰ourke building the 10 schemes, the contractor had promised to train 75 local people as apprentices, and create 430 work experience placements. These ambitions have been dramatically scaled back - O鈥橰ourke has engaged just nine apprentices and offered three placements so far. Council education adviser James Hodgson says: 鈥淟aing O鈥橰ourke has done really well, but inevitably there鈥檚 only going to be 15-20% of the local employment we expected.鈥�

Laing O鈥橰ourke itself won鈥檛 discuss the scheme, but it is understood it had an internal team of about 15 working on the bid. Architect Paul Monaghan, of AHMM, who had a five-strong team ready to go on Dagenham Park when it was halted, was lucky to have his scheme re-instated by Gove. 鈥淚t could have been a problem as we also had a Wandsworth school stopped. I鈥檇 guess it鈥檚 much more worrying for the contractors in this situation. People put millions into these bits, and big teams, and would they have made this effort just for two schools?鈥�

The ripples go wider still. Councillors allege the plans for 10,000 homes at Barking Riverside, in a joint venture between Bellway and the Homes and Communities Agency, have been hit by the cancellation of the 拢50m school planned on the site. Three hundred and fifty homes are now under construction, but the lack of the school is likely to limit future expansion: it is a planning condition that no more than 1,500 homes can be built without it. Jeremy Grint, director of regeneration at the borough, says: 鈥淭he school is important. The earlier it can be provided, the quicker the development can take place. It may make the place much more attractive, giving the developer more incentive to build homes.鈥�

Unsurprisingly, the council is not simply sitting and waiting for the government to change its mind. While it is in discussions with the Department for Education over the expected 拢2bn wave of PFI funding, and the 拢500m that has been found to replace the primary schools programme, it is also taking immediate action. Money from urgent highways work in the borough has been diverted to the schools budget. Gill says the borough has accelerated construction on two primary schools, enabling them to open this week rather than next year, and has already converted some council offices into a school to meet the borough鈥檚 legal requirement to provide education for its children. The council is also discussing with private landlords the possibility of converting empty warehouses and shops into places of learning. 鈥淲e have to think outside of the box,鈥� says Gill. 鈥淯sing empty MFI stores for schools is not ideal, but we have a responsibility to school our children.鈥�