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Read our policy.

Table one: costs of achieving zero carbon on site without more stringent efficiency requirements
Construction cost (Average unit cost (£))Small schemesCity infillMarket townUrban regeneration
2011 (showing effect of policy in 2010)3,3222,2313,0622,520
2014 (showing effect of policy in 2013)5,3643,6614,6403,857
2017 (showing effect of policy in 2016)19,18112,31211,99110,205
202516,45810,79410,4728,820
% increase in average unit costsÌýÌýÌýÌý
2011 (showing effect of policy in 2010)4%3%4%3%
2014 (showing effect of policy in 2013)7%5%6%5%
2017 (showing effect of policy in 2016)24%17%16%14%
202521%15%14%12%
Table two: costs of achieving zero carbon on site, incorporating advanced practice energy efficiency
Construction cost (Average unit cost (£))Small schemesCity infillMarket townUrban regeneration
2011 (showing effect of policy in 2010)3,3222,2313,0622,520
2014 (showing effect of policy in 2013)5,3643,6614,6403,857
2017 (showing effect of policy in 2016)2144500%1485000%1632700%1405700%
20251759100%1227800%1329100%1143000%
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
% increase in average unit costsÌýÌýÌýÌý
2011 (showing effect of policy in 2010)4%3%4%3%
2014 (showing effect of policy in 2013)7%5%6%5%
2017 (showing effect of policy in 2016)27%20%21%19%
202522%17%17%15%
Table three: forecast carbon savings in 2065 under different definitions of a zero-carbon home
Zero-carbon definition (from 2016)Cumulative carbon savings by 2065 (millions of tonnes)*
44% on site (residual emissions through allowable solutions)181
70% on site (residual emissions through allowable solutions)19000%
100% on site (residual emissions through allowable solutions)17500%
All carbon savings on site12600%
* Carbon savings are assessed through to 2065 to account for the longevity of carbon-saving measures.
Table four: Average costs for carbon compliance for differing potential definitions of zero carbon
Ìý
ÌýReduction through on site carbon compliance*
Ìý011100% + unregulated emissions (appliances)
Ìý
ÌýConstruction cost (£000)
Compliance including best practice energy efficiency750%990%1240%20 (approx)
Compliance including with advanced practice energy efficiency950%1330%1700%%3E 20
Ìý
ÌýResidual emissions
Residual emissions (tonnes of CO2 per year)200%150%90%0%
Ìý
ÌýAllowable solutions
Cost of allowable solutions (low)£1,104£828£497£0
Cost of allowable solutions (high)£4,598£3,449£2,069£0
Ìý
ÌýTotal costs
Low£8,604£10,728£12,897£20k (approx)
High£14,098£16,749£19,069%3E £20k
* As a percentage of regulated emissions.