Cost analysis: Sustainable schools | Features

Reducing CO2 emissions from transport and operational energy - These low-carbon/renewable technologies were considered for a poor location but will vary depending on site constraints and location:
听	£/m2	Total added	BREEAM
50 cycle storage spaces, changing facilities and lockers for 10% of building occupants (showers considered standard as part of sports facilities)	1.44	4,500	1
Photocell control on external lighting (no additional cost for implementing energy-efficient external luminaries which are required to achieve this credit)	0.20	620	1
20 cycle storage spaces, changing facilities and lockers (showers considered standard as part of sports facilities)	0.58	1,800	1
Three days of a consultant’s time to consult and assist in the development and implementation of an extensive travel plan	0.67	2,100	1
Additional energy sub-metering (黑洞社区 Regulations only require it for 90% of the building) plus wiring and splitting distribution boards. There is no additional cost for providing sub-meters with a pulsed output	3.52	10,971	2
Ground source heat pump (GSHP) for heating demand. This reduces CO2 emissions by 4.55kg/CO2/m2 (cost based on £7.81/kg/CO2 saved)	35.58	110,874	8
Photovoltaics (PV) for electricity demand. This reduces CO2 emissions by 11.36 kg/CO2/m2/year (£14.08/kg/CO2 saved)	166.98	520,321	5
Solar thermal collectors for heating water. This reduces CO2 emissions by 2.77kg/CO2/m2/year (cost based on £7.16/kg/CO2 saved)	19.83	61,794	1
Biomass boiler for heating and hot water demand. This reduces CO2 emissions by 9.94 kg/CO2/m2 (cost based on £1.84/kg/CO2 saved)	24.36	75,920	11
Wind energy for electricity demand. This reduces CO2 emissions by 5.93 kg/CO2/m2 (£2.81/kg/CO2 saved)	16.67	51,953	3
Improving the indoor environment	听	听	听
Two days of design team time to prepare an appropriate thermal model of the school to ensure areas are appropriately heated and cooled throughout year	0.61	1,900	2
Four mains-fed water coolers (one for every 1,000m2)	0.64	2000	1.83
Additional luminaires in offices for zoning and additional separate lighting controls in classrooms	1.00	3116	0.83
Install thermostatic radiator valves on all radiators	1.00	3116	0.83
Install high-frequency lighting ballasts to all luminaires	3.75	11,685	0.83
Occupant-controlled blinds in all occupied areas to reduce glare	12.00	37 392	0.83
Improving the land use and ecology	听	听	听
One day of design team time to consult Local Wildlife Partnership and obtain advice in protecting local wildlife species. Includes fee to join group	0.28	885	1.25
Conduct four consultation workshops from which the design team receive and provide feedback to improve the design of the school grounds	0.45	1,400	1.25
Minimising the impact on the local area	听	听	听
Commissioning agent to monitor commissioning of building services. 黑洞社区 is naturally ventilated therefore minimal commissioning; there is an additional cost for commissioning complex systems	0	0	0.75
One day of design team time to publicise building information on the website	0.16	500	0.75
Registering for Considerate Constructors’ Scheme	0.13	400	0.75
Two days of design team time to carry out local consultation on the school design and address this issue	0.45	1,400	1.5
Two days of design team time to compile a non-technical building user guide for the building occupants and facilities managers	0.39	1,200	0.75
One day of design team time to carry out consultation with architectural liaison officer (this is a free service) to identify measures for reducing crime	0.22	700	0.75
Three days of commissioning agent’s time to carry out seasonal commissioning on building services	0.39	1,200	0.75
Secured access to external double-leaf door with keypad for shared facilities	0.51	1,600	0.75
Four days of design team time to complete CIBSE ease of maintenance checklist	0.9	2,800	0.75
Three days involvement by design quality indicator (DQI) facilitator in consultation process	0.96	3,000	0.75
Completing whole-life cost model to strategic level	1.6	5,000	0.75
Completing whole life cost model to component level (previous credit required)	1.6	5,000	0.75
Setting up recycling policies and procedures with the school	0.22	700	0.556
Reducing the impact of materials	听	听	听
Four recycling bins	0.39	1,200	0.556
One day of design team time spent collecting information about responsibly sourced timber (no additional cost for specifying responsibly sourced timber)	0.22	700	0.556
Replacing 50% of vinyl flooring with linoleum in circulation area	0.60	18,700	0.556
Replacing additional 30% of vinyl flooring with linoleum in circulation area (previous credit required)	0.36	1,122	0.556
Replacing tarmacadam with permeable paving. There is no additional cost for minimising water course pollution where permeable paving has been specified for low-risk pollution areas	2.19	6,835	1.626
Robust fittings and finishes such as bollards, kick plates and skirting	7.70	23,993	0.556
Reducing pollutants that are harmful to the environment	听	听	听
Insulation with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than five	0	0	1.07
External lighting in compliance with the Institute of Lighting Engineers guidance	0	0	1.07
Installing low NOx boiler (delivered space heating energy %8D 40 mg/KWh at 0% excess O2 and %8D 100 mg/KWh delivered water-heating energy)	0.08	258	3.21
Two days design team time to develop renewable energy feasibility study	0.45	1,400	3.21
Infiltration trenches in addition to permeable paving to provide a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS)%5B10%5D	2.50	7,798	1.07
Three days of design team time to integrate environmental learning aspects into the building and landscape	0.58	1,800	0.75
Reducing mains water consumption	听	听	听
Installing: 4/2 litre dual-flush toilets, aerated taps and 4.5 l/min showers	0	0	1.428
Mains leak detection system	0.19	600	0.714
Water meter with a pulsed output	0.21	650	0.714
Sanitary supply shut-off to bathroom facilities	0.90	2,800	0.714
Rainwater harvesting system and provide plumbing	3.66	11,413	1,428

听	听	Pass		Good		Very good		Excellent
听	听	Capital cost	£/m2	Capital cost	£/m2	Capital cost	£/m2	Capital cost	£/m2
Good location	21.1 — Unclassified	0	0	0.2	3.3	0.8	14.4	3.9	66.5
Poor location	12.8 — Unclassified	0.1	1.3	0.5	9.2	2.7	45.4	4.4	75.7

听	£/(kgCO2)	Assuming
Solar thermal	£7.16	£400/m2, 320kWh/m2, utilisation 90%, 0.194kgCO2/kWh
Photovoltaics	£14.08	£6400/kWp, at 800 kWh/kWp, 0.568kgCO2/kWh
Wind	£2.81	£42,000, 15kW, 20% capacity factor, 0.568kgCO2/kWh
Biomass	£1.84	8% load factor, £250/kW extra cost (small)
GSHP	£7.81	8% load factor, £750 /kW(heat)COP 5, 0.442kgCO2/kWh grid electricity

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