Schools & Colleges - Cost model, March 1998 | Features

Environmental Performance Standards
Lighting levels	听	听
General classrooms	听	听300 lux at the work surface
Lighting for visually demanding work	听	听500 lux at the work surface
Temperature levels	听	听
Minimum	听	听
听	classrooms, libraries and so on	听18掳C
听	circulation areas, gymnasia and so on	听15掳C
Maximum	听	听temperatures in excess of 28掳C are acceptable on 10 days of the year
Ventilation	听	听
Background ventilation, occupied areas	听	听3 litres/pupil/second
Additional capability, teaching areas	听	听8 litres/pupil/second
Ventilation to washrooms	听	听6 air changes/hour

Indicative floor areas (11-16 year secondary school)
Number of pupils	Teaching Area Requirement (m2)	Non-Teaching Area Requirement (m2)	Gross Area Requirement (m2)	Gross Area per Pupil (m2)
900	3600-4000	2500-2700	6100-6700	6.8-7.4
1200	4500-5100	3200-3400	7700-8500	6.4-7.1
1500	5600-6200	3800-4200	9400-10400	6.3-6.9
1800	6600-7300	4400-4900	11000-12000	6.1-6.8
Source: DfEE

Indicative proportions of non-teaching accommodation
Non-teaching space	% total non-teaching area	% gross area
Staff and administration	13-14	5.2-5.6
Pupils' storage and washrooms	Oct-13	4.0-5.2
Teaching storage	13-15	5.2-6.0
Catering	Oct-15	4.0-6.0
Ancillary areas	03-Jun	1.2-2.4
Circulation and partitions	44-48	17.6-19.2
Total non-teaching area	听	40
Source: DfEE

Indicative furniture/equipment costs
Teaching Space	Cost of furniture and equipment (拢/m2 net internal area)
General teaching	100-155
Laboratories	130-220
IT and business studies	285-400
Design and technology	275-310
Art and design	185-215
Library resource centre	310-350
Circulation	30-50
Laboratory preparation	285-325
Staff accommodation	330-350
Source: Dfee

Cost model schemes: key features
黑洞社区 type	Gross internal floor area (m2)	Cost (building only) (拢/m2)
Classroom block	2600	624.55
Technology block	960	751.37
Performing arts building	900	1 284.90
Sports hall	1 760	865.9

Secondary school and college building construction costs and school building efficiency
听	Average 拢/m2	Lower range 拢/m2	High range 拢/m2	Usable space / gfa	Usable space and circulation / gfa	Average overall cost/m2 usable space
Classroom blocks	670	590	730	0.71	0.88	940
Laboratories	820	600	900	0.82	0.94	1000
Craft, design and technology	810	670	900	0.79	0.85	1030
Music	1000	910	1050	0.77	0.87	1300
Sixth-form / tertiary	860	670	1030	0.74	0.9	1160
All secondar schools and colleges	760	630	910	0.77	0.89	990
Costs are for building only and exclude furniture and wquipment, external works, professional fees and VAT. Costs are at February 1998 prices based on locations in south-east England. Usable space as defined by the RICS is the total area of all enclosed space that fulfils the main functional requirements of a building. This includes teaching and non-teaching space but excludes cloakrooms, WCs and plant rooms.

Cost breakdown for classroom block
听	Element cost (拢)	Cost /m2 gfa (拢)	% of total cost
Substructure	143 000	55	8.81
Reinforced insitu concrete foundations and ground slab; brick-and-block cavity walls to dpc; dpc and polythene vapour barrier	听	1300 m2 @	拢110
Frame	51 000	19.62	3.14
Fabricated structural steel; grade 43; surface finishes; preparation, intumescent paint and enamel top coat	听	30 t @	拢1,600
Extra for hollow sections	听	6 t @	拢500
Upper floors	189 000	23.77	3.82
Contractor-designed beam-and-block upper floor construction	听	1300 m2 @	拢28
Timber suspended floor; plywood sheathing	听	150 m2 @	拢38
Roof	475 800	59.85	9.63
Reconstituted stone slate; structural timber; contractor-designed roof trusses; felt and battens; lead-sheet flashing and gutters; vapour barrier; insulation	听	1600 m2 @	拢60
Laminated timber structural members; flame-resistant clear finish	听	175 m2 @	拢52
Single-layer plastic roofing; structural timber; plywood decking; insulation	听	170 m2 @	拢50
Opening rooflights; Velux; 780 x 1340 mm	听	2 m2 @	拢720
Rainwater goods; plastic gutters and downpipes	听	320 m @	拢13
Stairs	12 800	4.92	0.79
Contractor-designed precast concrete stairs and half-landings; two flights	听	Item @	拢2,400
Insitu concrete steps and stairs; three flights	听	Item @	拢1,800
Isolated balustrades; mild-steel handrail; ash-veneer panel	听	18 m @	拢210
Isolated balustrades; mild-steel handrail and balustrades	听	26 m @	拢115
Isolated handrails; mild-steel handrail, average 50 mm diameter	听	25 m @	拢72
External walls	112 300	43.19	6.92
Cavity-wall construction; facing brick; fairface blockwork; insulation	听	1084 m2 @	拢80
Allowance for pre-cast concrete sills; lintels; thresholds	听	Item @	拢21 000
Sheet cladding; plywood and lead; timber subframe; insulation; clear finish	听	Item @	拢4,600
Windows and external doors	80 500	30.96	4.96
Steel-framed, double-glazed windows and doors; powder finish	听	230 m2 @	拢350
Internal walls and partitions	54 500	20.96	3.36
Partitions; 140 mm solid/hollow dense aggregate facing blockwork	听	2840 m2 @	拢18
Cubicle partitions; laminated plastics	听	11 @	拢310
Internal doors	78 900	30.35	4.86
Flush doors; solid-core; hardwood-veneer facings; factory lacquer finish; wrot softwood frame; 30/30 fire resistance; stainless steel door furniture	听	126 @	拢550
Vision panels; 200 x 1200 mm; forming openings, glazing beads; Georgian wired glass	听	79 @	拢40
Wrot softwood and hardwood glazed screens; fire-resistant glazing	听	28 m2 @	拢230
Wall finishes	37 200	14.31	2.29
Drylining; plasterboard; skim coat; softwood framing; decoration	听	995 m2 @	拢14
Sand-cement render; 10 mm thick; galvanised steel beads; ceramic tiling	听	175 m2 @	拢41
Painting blockwork; 1 mist, 3 full coats emulsion	听	5362 m2 @	拢3
Floor finishes	107 600	41.38	6.63
Carpet; RIW damp-proof membrane; sand-cement screed 75 mm thick; reinforcement; sound insulation to upper floors; skirtings to limited areas	听	2450 m2 @	拢41
Sheet vinyl flooring; sand-cement screed 75 mm thick; reinforcement	听	90 m2 @	拢50
Mats and matwells; stainlesss steel frame; coir matting	听	Item @	拢2,600
Ceiling finishes	41 900	16.12	2.58
Suspended linings; battens; 12.5 mm plasterboard; decorations	听	480 m2 @	拢27
Suspended linings; battens; 19 mm plank and 12.5 mm plasterboard; skim coat; decorations	听	935 m2 @	拢31
Furniture and fittings	69 100	26.58	4.26
Whiteboards; 2400 x 1200 mm	听	40 @	拢220
Projection screens; 1800 x 1800 mm	听	30 @	拢280
Pinboards	听	850 m2	拢虫15
Worktops; beech-veneered and lipped chipboard; mild-steel framing	听	185 m2	拢58
Allowance for shelving	听	Item @	拢28 400
Sanitary fittings	15 000	5.77	0.92
WCs, urinals, washhand basins, fittings; laminated plastic duct panels	听	33 @	拢430
Extra for fittings for disabled WCs	听	2 @	拢150
Cleaners' sinks	听	2 @	拢230
Disposal installations	20 800	8	1.28
Waste, soil and vent installation; PVCu pipework and fittings	听	2600 m2 @	拢8
Water installations	41 600	16	2.56
Mains water; cold-water storage and distribution, hot-water calorifier, pumps and distribution pipework	听	2600 m2 @	拢16
Space heating & air treatment	127 400	49	7.85
Heating installation; gas supply, boilers, pumps, distribution, flue	听	2600 m2 @	拢20
Space heating; LPHW distribution; radiators, mild-steel pipework	听	2600 m2 @	拢29
Electrical installations	140 000	54	8.65
Mains and sub-mains installation	听	2600 m2 @	拢11
Small power installation	听	2600 m2 @	拢11
Lighting and general luminaires	听	2600 m2 @	拢32
Lift installations	286 000	35.97	5.79
Four-person electro-hydraulic lift serving 2 nr floors; 0.4 m/s	听	Item @	拢18 300
Protective installations	8 000	3.08	0.49
Lightning protection	听	item @	拢6,000
Earthing and bonding	听	item @	拢2,000
Communications installations	41 800	16.08	2.57
Analogue fire alrm installation; smoke detectors; call points	听	2600 m2 @	拢6
Telephone and data wireways; dado trunking; TV outlets	听	2600 m2 @	拢3
Class change system	听	item @	拢2,800
Security installation; intruder detection; CCTV and so on	听	2600 m2 @	拢6
Special installation	26 00	10	1.6
黑洞社区 management system	听	2600 m2 @	拢10
Builder's work in connection	22 000	8.46	1.35
Forming holes, chases and so on: allows 5%	听	Item @	拢22 000
Preliminaries and contingencies	211 800	81.46	13.04
Management costs; site establishment and supervision: allow 10%	听	Item @	拢141 200
Contingency sum: allow 5%	听	Item @	拢70 600
Total construction cost - building only	1 623 800	624.55	100

Cost breakdown for technology block
听	Element cost (拢)	Cost /m2 gfa (拢)	% of total cost
Substructure	54 700	56.98	7.58
Reinforced insitu concrete ground beams and ground slab; brick-and-block cavity walls to dpc; dpc and polythene vapour barrier	听	290 m2 @	拢130
Rotary bored, cast-in-placepiles; disposal; 300 average diameter	听	Item @	拢17,000
Frame	95 000	98.96	13.17
Fabricated sturcutral steel; including surface treatments	听	60 t @	拢1,200
Insitu concrete; column casing; white concrete; fine smooth finish	听	28 m @	拢270
Drylining; beam casings; proprietary encasing system	听	498 m @	拢31
Upper floors	20 800	21.67	2.88
Composite upper floor construction; insitu concrete on permanent steel formwork	听	630 m2 @	拢33
Roof	36 500	38.02	5.06
Vaulted alumnium profiled roof cladding; steel decking; thermal and acoustic insulation; vapour barrier; concealed gutter (area measured on plan)	听	390 m2 @	拢85
Allowance for insitu concrete flat roof to plant area	听	item @	拢2,500
Plastic rooflights; 1200 x 1200 mm	听	1 @	拢800
Stairs	12 300	12.81	1.71
Insitu concrete stairs and half landings; 1300 mm wide	听	10 m @	拢230
Balustrades and handrails; 1.35 m average height; stainless steel	听	25 m @	拢400
External walls	50 100	52.19	6.95
Curtain walling; thermally insulated stick system; aluminium-faced composite infill panels; anodised aluminium finish	听	110 m2 @	拢190
Cavity-wall; facing brick; 100 mm thick blockwork; insulation	听	290 m2 @	拢80
Allowance for pre-cast concrete sills; lintels; thresholds	听	item @	拢1,900
Plywood cladding, timber subframe; insulation, clear finish	听	item @	拢2,100
Glass-block screen to staircase	听	7 m2 @	拢290
Windows and external doors	52 000	54.17	7.21
Steel-frame windows; W20 sections; double-glazed units; powder finish	听	21 m2 @	拢390
Aluminium-frame, double-glazed windows; anodised finish	听	62 m2 @	拢440
Aluminium-frame doors and frames; double glazin; anodised finish	听	5 @	拢3,300
Internal walls and partitions	19 300	20.1	2.68
Partitions; 100 mm solid dense aggregate common blockwork	听	600 m2 @	拢21
Screens and lights; single-glazed screens; polyester powder coating	听	30 m2 @	拢200
Duct panels; laminated plastic sheet; 2500 mm high	听	4 m @	拢180
Internal doors	21 600	22.5	2.99
Doors; solid core; MDF facings and frameset; non fire-rated; door furniture	听	39 @	拢460
Extra for 30/30 fire-rated doors and frames	听	32 @	拢50
Extra for vision panels; 300 x 500 mm; Georgian wired glass	听	10 @	拢50
Extra for side screens; average 400 x 2300 mm; Georgian wired glass	听	6 nr @	拢260
Wall finishes	11 600	12.08	1.61
Two coats plaster, 13 mm; emulsion paint	听	1184 m2 @	拢9
Sand-cement render, 10mm; galvanised-steel lathing; masonry paint	听	28 m2 @	拢33
Floor finishes	39 400	41.04	5.4
Sheet rubber flooring; sand-cement screed 75 mm average thick; reinforcement	听	821 m2 @	拢45
Extra for work to stairs	听	99 m2 @	拢5
Epoxy floor paint; plant areas	听	60 m2 @	拢15
Matwells	听	Item @	拢1,030
Ceiling finishes	14 300	14.9	1.98
Suspended ceiling; 12.5 mm plasterboard on M/F; 150-500 mm suspension; skim coat; decorations	听	511 m2 @	拢23
Two coats plaster, 13 mm thick; emulsion paint	听	44 m2 @	拢32
Cement lim render; 20 mm thick; lathing; masonry paint	听	25 m2 @	拢46
Furniture and fittings	16 200	16.88	2.25
Window blinds	听	52 m2 @	拢24
Worktops with storage cupboards; pupose-made; Antium work surface; laminate faced MDF cupboards	听	20 m @	拢500
Allowance for damp cupboards and shelving	听	Item @	拢5,000
Sanitary fittings	900	0.94	0.13
WCs; washhand basins, fittings; complete	听	4 nr @	拢230
Disposal installations	7700	8.02	1.07
Waste, soil and vent installation; PVCu pipework and fittings	听	960 m2 @	拢8
Water installations	15 400	16.04	2.13
Mains water; water pumps, storage and distribution pipework	听	960 m2 @	拢16
Space heating and air treatment	47 000	48.96	6.52
Heating installation; gas supply, boilers, pumps, distribution, flue dilation	听	960 m2 @	拢20
Space heating; LPHW distribution; radiators, mild-steel pipework	听	960 m2 @	拢29
Electrical installations	51 800	53.96	7.18
Mains and sub-mains installation	听	960 m2 @	拢11
Small power installation	听	960 m2 @	拢11
Lighting and general luminaires	听	960 m2 @	拢32
Lift installation	21 700	22.6	3.01
Four-person electro-hydraulic lift serving 4 nr floors; 0.4 m/s	听	Item @	拢21 700
Protective installations	4 000	4.17	0.55
Lightning protection	听	Item @	拢3,000
Earthing and bonding	听	Item @	拢1,000
Communications installation	34 800	36.25	4.82
Fire alarm; smoke detectors; call points	听	960 m2 @	拢6
Telephone and data wireways; TV outlets to classrooms	听	960 m2 @	拢2
Allowance for structured cabling	听	Item @	拢20 000
Class change system	听	Item @	拢1,400
Security installation; intruder detection, CCTV and so on	听	960 m2 @	拢6
Special installations	9 600	10	1.33
黑洞社区 management system	听	960 m2 @	拢10
Bulder's work in connection	10 000	10.42	1.39
Forming holes, chases and so on: allow 5%	听	Item @	拢10 000
Preliminaries and Preambles	74 600	77.71	10.34
Management costs, site establishment and supervision: allow 10%	听	Item @	拢49 700
Contingency sum: allow 5%	听	Item @	拢24 900
Total construction cost - building only	721 300	751.37	100

Cost breakdown for a performing arts building
听	Element cost (拢)	Cost /m2 gfa (拢)	% of total cost
Substructure	84 700	94.11	7.32
Reinforced insitu concrete foundations and ground slab; cavity walls to dpc; vapour barrier	听	听	听
Roof	156 400	173.78	13.53
Sltae pitched and conical roof; proprietary felt flat-roof system; patent glazing; laminated and sawn structural timber; framing; facias, eaves and verges; vapour barriers; rainwater goods.	听	听	听
Stairs	2 800	3.11	0.24
Access stairs and cat ladders	听	听	听
External walls	78 500	87.22	6.79
190 mm thick dense concrete blockwork; insulation	听	听	听
Window and external doors	68 200	75.78	5.9
Purpose-made wrot softwood screens and windows; proprietary steel-framed glazed screen; double glazing; solid-core flush doors; ironmongery	听	听	听
Internal walls and partitions	24 800	27.56	2.15
Partitions; 100 mm solid blockwork; plasterboard-faced timber stud partitions; wrot softwood single-glazed screens; WC cubicles	听	听	听
Internal doors	36 100	40.11	3.12
Flush doors; solid-core; hardwood-veneer facings; wrot softwood frame-sets, 30/30 and non fire-rated; ironmongery	听	听	听
Wall finishes	30 200	33.56	2.61
Two coats plaster; ceramic tiling on sand-cement backing; acoustic panels to auditorium; emulsion paint	听	听	听
Floor finishes	50 700	56.33	4.38
Carpet, slate tile, sheet rubber; sand-cement screed; insulation; dpm; skirtings; decorations; matwells	听	听	听
Ceiling finishes	14 200	15.78	1.23
Suspended plasterboard linings; decorations; clear finishing to soffit of roof decking	听	听	听
Furniture and fittings	107 900	119.89	9.33
Fittings to foyer area; lighting gantry and access platforms; auditorium seating; staging; fixed furniture to classrooms	听	听	听
Sanitary fittings	6 700	7.44	0.58
WCs, urinals, washhand basins, fittings and so on; showers; cleaners' sinks	听	听	听
Mechanical and public health	149 300	165.89	12.91
Waste, soil and vent installation; mains water; hot-and cold-water storage and distribution, boiler; LPHW space heating; supply, extract and smoke extract ventilation to auditorium; controls	听	听	听
Electrical installations	94 600	105.11	8.18
Mains and sub-mains installation; supplies to mechanical plant; small power; lighting and emergency lighting; lightning protection; earthing and bonding; fire alarm; wireways for data and telecoms; intruder detection	听	听	听
Special installations	80 000	88.89	6.92
Stage lighting and sound reinforcement installation	听	听	听
Builder's work in connection	17 000	18.89	1.47
听	听	听	听
Preliminaries and contingencies	150 900	167.67	13.05
听	听	听	听
Total construction cost - building only	1 156 400	1 284.90	100

Cost breakdown for sports hall
听	Element cost (拢)	Cost /m2 gfa (拢)	% of total cost
Substructure	82 000	46.59	5.38
Reinforced insitu concrete column bases, strip foundations and ground slab; brick-and-block cavity walls to dpc; dpc and polythene vapour barrier	听	听	听
Frame	200 400	113.86	13.15
Fabricated structural steel; grade 43; columns, beams and trusses; cladding rails	听	听	听
Upper floors	21 700	12.33	1.42
Reinforced concrete suspended slab; power floating	听	听	听
Roof	144 900	82.33	9.51
Contractor-designed aluminium-profiled roof cladding on plywood decking; single-layer plastic roofing on plywood decking; aluminium roof lights	听	听	听
Stairs	45 000	25.57	2.95
Precast concrete stairs and landings; Blanc de Bierges and beech treads; galvanised steel balustrades with stainless steel handrails	听	听	听
External walls	90 800	51.59	5.96
Cavity-wall construction with handmade racing bricks; rendered blockwork; aluminium/galvanised steel insulated cladding	听	听	听
Windows and external doors	128 600	73.07	8.44
Contractor-designed steel-framed, double-glazed windows and screens; powder-coated finish; solid core doors; revolving entrance door	听	听	听
Internal walls and partitions	38 600	21.93	2.53
Blockwork paritions; polyester-powder-coated galvanised steel screens with Pyran glazing; laminated WC cubicles	听	听	听
Internal doors	42 300	24.03	2.78
Polyester powder-coated glazed door/screen assemblies with Pyran glazing; galvanised steel doors and frames; fire-rated laminate-faced solid-core doors	听	听	听
Wall finishes	32 300	18.35	2.12
Lightweight plaster; ceramic tiling on sand cement backing; emulsion paint	听	听	听
Floor finishes	80 300	45.63	5.27
Maple-strip floating floor; wood-block flooring; vinyl sheet; barrier matting; ceramic tiles	听	听	听
Ceiling finishes	4 600	2.61	0.3
Lightweigh plaster; wallboard and skim coat; decorations	听	听	听
Furniture and fittings	76 000	43.18	4.99
Gymnasium and sports hall equipment; bleacher seating; sotrage cupboards and shelving; cloakroom equipment; fittings to reception	听	听	听

Regional Variations
All costs in this model are based on schemes in south-east England and should be adjusted by the following location factors for schemes in other areas.
Inner London	1.07
Outer London	1.01
South-west	0.93
East Midlands	0.91
West Midlands	0.92
East Anglia	0.94
Yorkshire and Humberside	0.91
North-west	0.95
Northern	0.91
Scotland	0.93
Wales	0.9
Northern Ireland	0.8

黑洞社区