黑洞社区

Most tales of lost funding now follow a well-established formula. A programme was set up under the Labour government, the coalition came to power, reviewed it, and then either cancelled it in its entirety or radically reduced its budget. But when it comes to capital funding for further education colleges, the formula breaks down.

Set up in 2001, the 拢5bn 黑洞社区 Colleges for the Future programme was intended to renew England鈥檚 further education estate.

But such was the mismanagement of the programme by the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) that it was suspended in 2008 and scrapped entirely in the spring of 2009, leaving many colleges in limbo.
In the last Autumn Statement, chancellor George Osborne announced that a new fund would be created to help colleges modernise or redevelop their buildings. But how much help will the fund provide to struggling institutions and how far will it go in repairing the damage inflicted by the 黑洞社区 Colleges for the Future debacle?

What went wrong?

The LSC programme really was a mess. By 2008 only half of the country鈥檚 FE estate had been helped through the 黑洞社区 Colleges for the Future scheme. And the abrupt cancellation of the programme caused many colleges major financial headaches.

When the axe came down in March 2009, 65 projects were working up designs in order to pass the first hurdle of the approval process and some 79 had proceeded to detailed design, all involving significant spending on engaging architects and cost consultants, among others. In the end just 14 were awarded funding to proceed to construction. The LSC promised at the time that colleges would get at least some of their money back from a central pot, but in reality most still made a loss. For instance, East Kent College, formerly Thanet College, spent 拢3m on consultants but only managed to recoup 拢1m from the LSC.

鈥淎 lot of colleges spent a lot of money chasing the funding and there are a lot of them that are still licking their wounds,鈥� says Alex Hall, a director at consultancy Davis Langdon who has been close to the process for many years. 鈥淥ne of the biggest issues for colleges that didn鈥檛 achieve funding was that they鈥檇 stopped investing in the maintenance of their estates during the submission period. They鈥檇 hoped they鈥檇 get the grant funding and let their estates slip. It was a double whammy.鈥�

However, since the coalition came to power, new funding for colleges has been made available by the Skills Funding Agency (SFA), one of the successor bodies to the LSC, through the Enhanced Renewal Grant programme. Since May 2010 the Enhanced Renewal Grant has provided 拢330m and in November last year a third round of funding, 拢110m, was released and distributed to over 50 colleges. A further 18 colleges whose plans narrowly missed out were asked to resubmit their bids and a decision is due imminently. Then in December last year Osborne announced the establishment of the FE College Capital Investment Strategy, which included 拢270m of new money to be distributed between 2013 and 2015. Expressions of interest in the new College Capital Investment Fund were due to be submitted to the SFA on 1 March with a decision expected in late April.

While the scale of the funding is small compared with the 拢5bn 黑洞社区 Colleges for the Future, it is still a substantial pot of money. However, not all colleges will be in a position to bid for the funding. Unlike previous initiatives, the Enhanced Renewal Grant and College Capital Investment Fund will only provide funding of up to a third of a project鈥檚 cost. When many colleges have already taken a financial battering from the closure of the 黑洞社区 Colleges for the Future programme, providing that level of match funding will be problematic for many. 鈥淭he money is only being offered on a match-funding basis,鈥� says Hall. 鈥淐olleges that did have borrowing capacity or reserves have already invested it in their estates. So the ability of some colleges to capitalise on the new fund is reduced. They鈥檙e already committed to maximum borrowing and finding the money to access the new funding is becoming harder and harder.鈥�

The changes to the rules also call into question exactly what outcomes the SFA wants to achieve with its capital funding. 鈥淚t isn鈥檛 at all clear what sorts of college projects they鈥檙e trying to unlock,鈥� says Jon Poore, national government sector director at consultancy Turner & Townsend. 鈥淚s it trying to unlock those with no capital in areas that have the greatest need, or drive a general increase in college investment across the board? A well-run college that has capital in an area where capital isn鈥檛 a problem can match fund two-thirds and would welcome saving a third. Those colleges that have no capital and aren鈥檛 able to match fund won鈥檛 get any of the funding.鈥�

Even so, many colleges do have options. Many of them have significant property portfolios, often containing highly valuable land and buildings that are under-used. Such portfolios can either be used to leverage debt or be reconfigured and partly sold off to pay for new building works. Neal Stevens, the director responsible for FE and higher education at contractor Willmott Dixon, is helping Cardiff and Vale College do exactly that.

鈥淪ome of these old buildings aren鈥檛 all that effective and selling off some of your older, poor performing buildings and having one central unit can reap huge benefits,鈥� says Stevens. 鈥淚t all comes down to the vision of the principles and finance directors about how far they want to go. They need people within the colleges with the business brains and the wherewithal to put these projects together.鈥�

And achieving greater efficiency in the use of college buildings shouldn鈥檛 be a big problem in many cases, with many estates drastically underused. 鈥淵ou used to have colleges with vast, inefficient estates and bad timetabling - you鈥檇 have rooms that were vacant for two-thirds of the week,鈥� says Davis Langdon鈥檚 Hall. 鈥淣ow they鈥檙e trying to get them up to more efficient timetabling. That means the amount of the estate that is used has reduced and this has enabled them to sell off parcels of land.鈥�

It all comes down to the vision of the principles and finance directors about how far they want to go

Neal Stevens, Willmott Dixon

There are also hopes that a renaissance in vocational education may spur the government on to provide further help to FE colleges. This is down directly and indirectly to the coalition鈥檚 policy agenda. First, with the government鈥檚 focus on rebalancing the economy away from service industries and back towards manufacturing, there is a need for a more practically trained workforce. Second, last year鈥檚 tripling of university tuition fees has led to a decline in university entries and an increase in people seeking training that can lead more directly into employment.