黑洞社区

Ambition in business is pretty essential. And there鈥檚 plenty of evidence of that in the huge vision the government has set out in its Construction 2025 report, its strategy for growth in the construction industry for the next 12 years.

One particularly intriguing area of potential the report identifies is the UK industry鈥檚 ability to benefit from growth in foreign markets, which it says is a largely untapped resource. 鈥淭he UK has not yet specialised in construction exports, despite its capability in construction technology and services and relatively higher proportion of construction-related patents compared to its competitors,鈥� it says. 鈥淭ransforming the UK construction industry therefore opens significant opportunities for global trade.鈥�

According to this vision, global success can be achieved by main contractors winning lead roles on overseas projects and passing the benefits back to their supply chains at home.

So, just how realistic is it that main contractors will win lead contractor roles on major international projects? And even if they do, is it plausible that their supply chains back home will feel the benefit?

Being part of the global growth

Whereas domestic increase in construction output is expected to be sluggish in the short to medium term, the Construction 2025 report quotes figures produced by Global Construction Perspectives that claim the global construction market will grow by an annual rate of 4.3% up to 2025. The anticipated rate of growth is greater in markets such as China, Brazil and other rapidly developing economies.

This, the report says, provides an opportunity, not just for well-known architecture practices and consultancies (domestic construction consultant can already boast a net trade surplus of around 拢530m), but for the UK construction industry as a whole. Overall, Construction 2025 reports that construction accounts for less than 2% of all UK exports, including products and materials (see below) and, given it is near 7% of GVA, suggests ways this poor performance could be improved.

鈥淥ne reason for the low export figures is that very few of our prime companies lead on overseas projects,鈥� it says. 鈥淭aking steps to enable UK firms to secure the lead role more often will enable us to make the most of opportunities in the high-growth global construction markets. From a lead role, there would be considerable potential to bring in UK-based supply chains, thereby multiplying the potential dividend to the UK.鈥�

The problem is that UK main contractors find it difficult to win work abroad. Balfour Beatty has established itself in the USA and Hong Kong via acquisitions and now has around 10,000 employees in each, and Laing O鈥橰ourke has also established viable businesses in Australia and Hong Kong. Carillion has over many years built up businesses in Canada and the Middle East, where revenues now account for 15% and 11% of the firm鈥檚 拢4.4bn turnover. And Interserve and ISG also carry out work overseas. But in general, overseas expansion has proved elusive. As with Balfour Beatty, where contractors have established a strong foothold abroad it has largely been as a result of acquisitions and has required substantial upfront investment - the sort of investment that after five years of economic doldrums at home few firms are capable of making.

To suggest that you can do it with any mass form of labour or any manufactured products is just pie in the sky. I just don鈥檛 think it鈥檚 manageable

Kevin Cammack, Cenkos

Construction delivery is generally considered difficult because of the problems of managing supply chain risks in an unfamiliar market, as can be seen with the furore over workers鈥� conditions in Qatar. Consequently, where some main contractors are attempting to enter developing markets they are pushing their professional services divisions, allowing them to generate revenue without the huge risk of being responsible for delivery in markets with unfamiliar supply chains and legal systems. 鈥淥ur contracting aspect is very much UK-centric,鈥� says Jason Millett, chief operating office for major programmes and infrastructure at Mace. 鈥淥verseas we do a combination of mainly cost management and we do get into quasi-construction management roles from time to time.鈥�

The picture is similar at other main contractors. For instance, according to Kevin Cammack, an analyst at Cenkos, Balfour Beatty is keen to enter the Brazilian market, but despite having mature contracting businesses in the UK and North America it is choosing to do so through its professional services business. 鈥淒oes that give you great revenues?鈥� asks Cammack. 鈥淣o, it doesn鈥檛. [But] it gives you quite good margins. When you鈥檙e addressing a market overseas the most sensible and de-risked way to do it will be through some sort of professional services role on a project.鈥�
However, it is possible for main contractors to win lead roles on projects overseas and some firms are embracing the ambition set out in Construction 2025. 鈥淲ith some specific clients, including the

Foreign and Commonwealth Office, we do take on a more traditional contracting role,鈥� says Mace鈥檚 Millett. 鈥淢ace has been working overseas for many years in all sorts of countries. What鈥檚 new is that off the back of London 2012 we鈥檝e formulated a strategy that is all about growing our business overseas off the back of major programmes of work. So we have a 2020 strategy that fits in many ways with the vision for 2025.鈥�

Carillion has also set its sights on growing its constructing business abroad. Shaun Carter, the company鈥檚 group development and strategy director, says of the firm鈥檚 work in Canada, the Middle East and north Africa: 鈥淭hese are the main areas we work abroad and absolutely as head contractor鈥�.

A trickle-down effect

Contracting abroad will never be for all, or even most, UK firms though. However, Construction 2025 goes even further: it says if main contractors do succeed in winning lead contractor status on major projects overseas, this will lead to more work for their domestic supply chains. But will that be the case? Analyst Kevin Cammack is highly sceptical.

鈥淲hen people talk about using a supply chain from England to support work overseas, I think that the only area in which you can be relatively confident of being competitive is on the professional services side of things,鈥� he says. 鈥淪o you鈥檇 take over the consultant engineer, the QSs and so on. To suggest that you can do it with any mass form of labour or any manufactured products is just pie in the sky. I just don鈥檛 think it鈥檚 manageable and I don鈥檛 see where the cost competitiveness will come from.鈥�

More uncertainty comes from the fact Construction 2025 is not so clear on whether the logic applies to products and materials manufacturers (see box, left) as well as professional service providers and specialist contractors.

Indeed, even members of the panel of experts that advised the government on Construction 2025 interpret the reference to the 鈥渃onsiderable potential to bring in UK-based supply chains鈥� in the report as applying only to professional services. Panel member James Stewart, chairman of consultancy KPMG鈥檚 infrastructure practice, says: 鈥淒on鈥檛 forget that the supply chain isn鈥檛 just construction but professional services. So what we鈥檙e talking about is design, architects, cost consultants - that sort of stuff.鈥�

For its part, the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills points to the recent success of two British subcontractors. A BIS spokesperson says: 鈥淟ast month, Vince Cable visited the site of the world鈥檚 largest hospital construction project in Stockholm where two British SMEs - Astins and Measom - have secured contracts of around 拢30m.鈥�

And not everybody in the industry is dismissive of the idea. At Carillion, Carter says that it is possible to push work back to supply chains at home - but it needs to be done proactively. 鈥淚f you didn鈥檛 have a philosophy that supported [using UK supply chains] then it鈥檚 possible to do everything with local contractors and suppliers.鈥� Carter says that Carillion has helped parts of its UK supply chain to enter foreign markets, for example Speedy Hire, which he says Carillion helped enter the UAE.

鈥淲e鈥檝e done that where we think there is a gap in the market and we would benefit from greater competition,鈥� he says, adding that firms have to be able to compete with local firms on costs as well as quality.

Similarly, Rudi Klein, chief executive of the Specialist Engineering Contractors Group, remembers a model developed by Taylor Woodrow before the firm鈥檚 construction arm was sold to Vinci in 2008.
Under the model, Taylor Woodrow developed what it called strategic alliance partnerships, involving most elements of the supply chain including M&E and lighting. The partnership would then bid for major projects, offering a complete package to international clients.

鈥淲hy not use a model that has been used before,鈥� says Klein. 鈥淐ertainly it helped Taylor Woodrow to win work. It was about one stop shop delivery, which went down very well in Africa. It can be enticing - selling a team could be a sustainable model.鈥�

What鈥檚 more, Klein says that if main contractors were to combine the partnership approach with the UK鈥檚 relatively advanced use of BIM, the offer to international clients could be made all the more appealing. 鈥淚f you鈥檝e got a strategic partnership alliance all backed by BIM, selling that really is a way forward,鈥� he says. 鈥淎nd with BIM you don鈥檛 even need to have everybody in the same place. You could do the design here, do the off-site manufacturing here and then ship the parts across in containers and just project manage the assembly in that country.鈥�

It may well be that the government had just such schemes in mind when the final draft of Construction 2025 was produced. But if so, it鈥檚 a message it seems the industry is only getting by reading between the lines.