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After the fall

RAY CRANE

"They have dogs to find the dead and dogs to find the living. If the dogs found anything, though, it was invariably a finger, thumb or limb"

The engineer
Ray Crane was entitled to a morning off. The night before, the then chairman of Arup USA had hosted a dinner for executives from around the world after a presentation on the successes of the New York office.

His lie-in was disturbed by a phone call. His wife, a teacher at a well-to-do Catholic school in a New York suburb, warned him not to go into the office: downtown wasn鈥檛 safe. She told him to turn on the television. The twin towers of the World Trade Centre were collapsing. She said parents of many of her pupils had been working in them.

Crane phoned his office. Several of the staff were accounted for, and ultimately all were found to be safe. This was a stroke of luck.

The office was only minutes from the twin towers, and had to be shut for five days while the surrounding debris was cleared.

Arup belonged to the Structural Engineers Society of New York, which contacted its members to help clear the site. Crane鈥檚 shift would last nearly 24 hours on the weekend after the atrocity. Crane describes the scene: 鈥淣othing like this had ever happened before, the confusion was immense. It was almost impossible to get from the Structural Engineers Society office to Ground Zero.

鈥淭housands of people were trying to look and see. Others were trying to help, but they were in fact hindering.鈥�

The usual 15-minute walk downtown took four hours for Crane and a member of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. When they arrived, they they were given tetanus injections and told to wear gas masks. The duo had to check the rubble and see if it was safe for search and rescue teams to clamber over: 鈥淚 was standing on the roof of the World Trade Centre, but I was only 15 ft off the ground,鈥� says Crane, his accent still perfectly English despite his many years in the States.

It鈥檚 odd how in such situations it is the quirky details that people remember: 鈥淭he alsatians sniffing around for people wore leather gloves on their feet because it was so hot.

As soon as a dog smelt something they would go bananas. I never realised this, but they have dogs to find dead people and dogs to find those who are alive. If they found anything though, it was invariably a finger, thumb or limb.鈥�

As he helped clear the site, Crane was transfixed: 鈥淭here was so much adrenaline pumping, it was so scary and emotional that I never batted an eyelid. Everyone bumped into each other with their eyes wide open as they were so amazed by the monstrosity of it.鈥�

When the office reopened on Monday 17 September, Arup held a memorial service. Several of those in the office had been traumatised, having viewed the attack from the roof of Arup鈥檚 building.

But what Crane remembers most is the smell. 鈥淚t was an acrid, fuming stench. It remained in New York for months. Even today I can smell it if I think about it.鈥�

Chris Cole

The design consultant

Chris Cole, recently returned from Athens鈥� Olympic spectacle, is falling over himself for a chance to praise British gold medallist Kelly Holmes. 鈥淪he was incredible,鈥� he says of the middle-distance runner. 鈥淭otally amazing.鈥� Cole is no stranger to high achievements. As chief executive of WSP, tall building specialists and design consultants on the Freedom Tower that will replace the World Trade Centre, he is at the higher reaches of the construction industry.

WSP鈥檚 involvement with the 1776 ft Freedom Tower comes as no surprise. With New York鈥檚 Trump Tower and Mexico City鈥檚 earthquake-resistant Torre Mayor in the firm鈥檚 portfolio, the company鈥檚 experience of tall buildings is difficult to beat. When Ground Zero developer and long-term client Silverstein Properties was awarding contracts, Cole鈥檚 company was a natural choice.

Cole is modest about the deal. 鈥淭here may have been competition from rivals. You never really know that sort of thing. But,鈥� he adds quickly, 鈥渨e didn鈥檛 have to pitch; we got the job completely by referral.鈥�

At the time of the 9/11 attacks, WSP was involved in planning for another tower, the Barclays building in Canary Wharf (see page 46). The team had to respond immediately to ensure that the World Trade Centre鈥檚 apparent structural flaws were not repeated in the UK building.

The problems Cole鈥檚 team identified 鈥� issues of progressive collapse, fire protection and the weakness of a steel core in heat 鈥� were confirmed by later studies. He believes the towers鈥� faults were a product of its age. 鈥淧eople forget that the building was 30 years old,鈥� he says. 鈥淭he impact of 9/11 aside, methods of design and construction have changed a lot since then.鈥�

Cole believes the Freedom Tower design addresses the critical weaknesses of its predecessor. But he also stressed the need for designers to balance structural issues with an aesthetic appropriate to the building鈥檚 emotive location: 鈥淭he Freedom Tower should be and will be the most resilient, robust building in the world. But we also have to be sympathetic. We鈥檙e not building a tanker鈥�.

Cole is acutely aware of the sensitive nature of his project. He was not in New York when the twin towers fell, but visited the site shortly afterwards. That experience still haunts him. 鈥淚 can鈥檛 think of an adjective to describe how I felt,鈥� he says quietly. 鈥淚t was devastating. It left me numb. It still does. Every time you visit the site you reflect on that day.鈥�

"People forget that the building was 30 years old. methods of design and construction have changed a lot since then"

But Cole hopes the Freedom Tower will help lay the past to rest. 鈥淎merica as a nation will be pleased with the tower,鈥� he says. 鈥淏ut I hope the families of the victims are, too. For me, that鈥檚 the most important thing鈥�.

TOM JASKE

"I was at Newark airport working on a project. We were darting between the television and the roof to see what was happening. It was unbelievable "

The quantity surveyor

Tom Jaske stared across the Hudson River, the fire from the wreckage reflected in the water. 鈥淚 was at Newark airport working on a project during 9/11,鈥� he says. 鈥淲e were darting between the television and the roof to see what was happening. It was unbelievable.鈥�

Three years later Jaske is helping to transform that scene of carnage into a symbol of US resilience. Jaske is vice president of QS Hanscomb Faithful & Gould in New York and is acting as cost consultant on the twin towers鈥� replacement.

Like others involved in the project, it is believed that the firm accepted lower margins than is the norm when it won its two-year contract, which started last December. Jaske does not want to comment on this, but admits that profit is less of an issue on a project like Freedom Tower: 鈥淲e鈥檙e very proud to be a part of this; there is a certain amount of civic duty involved.鈥�

And as he freely admits, Hanscomb F&G鈥檚 presence on the project is also useful for the firm鈥檚 marketing strategy. Jaske often refers to it in presentations, such as the one he made this week at an international conference in Leeds, entitled 鈥淒elivering value at the World Trade Centre site鈥�.

Hanscomb F&G was appointed by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. There have been problems on the redevelopment of the site owing to conflicts between the ambitions of the LMDC and the those of the World Trade Centre鈥檚 leaseholder, property baron Larry Silverstein, over which architects to hire for the redevelopment and the ownership of the site.

Jaske admits that the confused aims have occasionally made life difficult in costing the project, but hints that the $12bn (拢6.7bn) price tag put on it is not too far off the mark. He adds that the interested parties are now working in greater harmony: 鈥淔or the most part, the parties are now reconciled with the plans. There has been a lack of animosity.鈥�

The greatest difficulty for Jaske has not been costing the tower, but another part of Daniel Libeskind鈥檚 masterplan for the site 鈥� the underground rail section. This could ultimately cost far more than initial estimates. 鈥淕iven the low level of development of this part of the design, we have carried contingencies,鈥� he says. 鈥淭hese are not unusual percentages, but given the magnitude of the cost of the complex, it is a lot of money.鈥�

The next stage is to estimate the costs of the revised masterplan this autumn, but the practice鈥檚 ambitions do not end with this contract 鈥� it is pitching to be construction manager on the demolition of the 42-storey Deutsche Bank building, which was condemned after 9/11.

Some day soon, when Jaske looks across the Hudson, hopefully the reflection will be of signature 21st-century architecture rather than the blazing ruins of a 20th-century landmark.