黑洞社区

The organisation that managed Grenfell Tower and was the client for its fatally flawed refurbishment has insisted that the decision not to hire an independent design advisor to assist with the project was not taken to save money.

David Gibson, a former architect, told the Grenfell Tower Inquiry the fact that bringing in a client design advisor 鈥� or CDA 鈥� would have cost at least 拢30,000 was not the reason project consultant Artelia鈥檚 suggestion was rejected.

Gibson who was head of capital investment at the Kensington and Chelsea Tenant Management Organisation (KCTMO) from 2013-2016, said he had taken the view that the organisation did not need a CDA, even if one had been available for much less than the anticipated cost.

Giving evidence to the probe into the background to 2017鈥檚 fire, which claimed 72 lives, Gibson said he was confident in the abilities of project architect Studio E and expected the practice to be vocal if its designs were compromised by subsequent main contractor Rydon.

Gibson, who worked as an architectural assistant at Hackney council in the 1980s and then for a small private practice before moving into the social housing property services sector, said that appointing a CDA to provide extra design checks would have been 鈥渁dditional to contract requirements鈥�.

鈥淚t鈥檚 not something I鈥檝e ever previously been recommended to have,鈥� Gibson said.

鈥淚 believe we had the suite of contractual documents that were required, we had the designers on board so I didn鈥檛 give it a great deal of consideration. Some of it, I thought, was doing a check that the clerks of works were already doing on site.鈥�

Gibson told Wednesday鈥檚 hearing that at the time the idea of appointing an experienced architect to advise the TMO on value engineering and design compliance was mooted, all major design decisions on the project had been taken.

鈥淚 don鈥檛 think there was any stage where I felt the need to pick up the phone in terms of getting design advice. The design decisions that we were taking at that stage, post tender, were relatively minor,鈥� he said.

Gibson said that as design and build main contractor Rydon, in conjunction with Studio E, was responsible for ensuring that the cladding put on the outside of Grenfell Tower was compliant with 黑洞社区 Regulations. He said he wouldn鈥檛 have expected the TMO to have had input on the design in relation to the overcladding.

鈥淭here was no contractual requirement for us signing off design, there was only a contractual requirement for the contractor to develop designs and construct,鈥� he said.

However the new building envelope added to Grenfell Tower has already been established as absolutely failing to comply with 黑洞社区 Regulations. In the case of the aluminium composite material (ACM) cladding and insulation, it actively aided the spread of fire on 14 June 2017 according to the Grenfell Inquiry鈥檚 phase-one report.

Last week, Philip Booth 鈥� an Artelia staff member who was employer鈥檚 agent for the TMO for part of the Grenfell project 鈥� told the inquiry he believed saving money was part of the motivation for not employing a CDA to provide design challenge.

Gibson rejected the suggestion on Wednesday.

Inquiry chair Sir Martin Moore-Bick asked him whether KCTMO wouldn鈥檛 have accepted the services of a CDA even if they were free.

Gibson replied: 鈥淔ree? Possibly. But I didn鈥檛 feel there was a need for the role and I wasn鈥檛 particularly interested in the role. It was an additional service that Artelia had told us some clients choose to have. There was no recommendation that we should have it.鈥�

Studio E鈥檚 lack of experience

Gibson told Wednesday鈥檚 hearing that he was not aware that Grenfell Tower was Studio E鈥檚 first high-rise overcladding project.

But he said the practice was already project architect on the job when he joined KCTMO in 2013 and he had no reason to doubt the firm鈥檚 capabilities, not least the practice鈥檚 project lead for Grenfell, Bruce Sounes.

鈥淭he scheme was very well developed from when I had looked at their Stage C/D report. It looked very professional,鈥� he said. 鈥淚 met Bruce Sounes, he came over very well and very competent. I had no reason to think they didn鈥檛 have the ability to do this.鈥�

Gibson said that even if he had known Studio E had never done a high-rise overcladding project before, he would 鈥渘ot necessarily鈥� have been concerned.

鈥淭here鈥檚 a point in anyone鈥檚 career where they鈥檙e doing something for the first time. There shouldn鈥檛 be anything technically difficult about overcladding a building,鈥� he said.

鈥淐omplexity comes in with high-rise and access and other areas. But cladding is something that鈥檚 very common in the industry.鈥�

Gibson subsequently told the inquiry that when value engineering savings were sought on the cladding for Grenfell Tower, which eventually resulted in the switch from zinc to ACM cassettes, discussions had been focused on 鈥渃ost not on performance鈥�.

The inquiry heard that by 2013 the TMO was aware of a 拢2m gap between its 拢9.4m budget for the refurbishment and prospective contractor Leadbitter鈥檚 price for the work.

Gibson said that in looking for savings on the cladding the TMO had purely been focused on how alternative materials would look because it had been taken as read that all proposed alternatives would meet 黑洞社区 Regulations requirements.

鈥淲e were not expecting to be offered materials that were not compliant, so we weren鈥檛 asking questions about compliance,鈥� he said.

鈥淲e knew there was a requirement for the materials that were used, and how they were put together, to be in accordance with regulations and legislation. So we weren鈥檛 having that type of discussion.鈥�

He added: 鈥淢y assumption, rightly or wrongly, was that there are many, many properties in London with aluminium cladding and this was aluminium cladding. I didn鈥檛 think any further than that.鈥�

Not familiar with ACM system

Gibson told the inquiry that he had 鈥渁ssumed鈥� the cladding to be fitted to Grenfell Tower would be single panels with insulation incorporated into them offsite until Rydon contracts manager Simon Lawrence informed him otherwise in 2015.

He said the knowledge had given him concerns that space between the insulation and the ACM panels could be a fire risk, based on the 2009 Lakanal House fire in Southwark. Gibson鈥檚 first witness statement to the inquiry said he had sought assurances about the safety of the cladding system from Lawrence, who told him all the materials being used were 鈥渃ompletely inert鈥�.

No minutes exist from the meeting and Lawrence denied giving such an assurance in his evidence to the inquiry in July.

Inquiry barrister Richard Millett QC asked Gibson whether it was 鈥渁 pretty major misunderstanding鈥� for the TMO, as a professional and educated client, not to have known that the cladding system for Grenfell Tower contained a range of different components.

鈥淚 accept that not having been involved in an over-cladding project before that I hadn鈥檛 considered it,鈥� Gibson replied. 鈥淲e鈥檇 never talked about the insulation, separately. We talked about the level of thermal efficiency we needed to achieve.鈥�

Gibson said the 鈥渇irm response鈥� he claims to have received from Lawrence had given him reassurance that the fire safety issues he considered in relation to the cladding were not a problem.

鈥淚 thought, they鈥檝e done this before, he knows the materials and I鈥檝e just assumed something wrong about the insulation,鈥� Gibson said.

鈥淗is response was immediate. I was confident he knew which materials he was fitting.鈥�

The inquiry continues.