黑洞社区

01 / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Tender price index 鈻�
Prices edged up in the second quarter as the supply chain hardens its attitude to risk and opportunity. The outlook is for rising prices after five years of declining or stagnant prices.

黑洞社区 cost index 鈻�
Annual rate of increase tops 3% for first time in 18 months but only nominal increase in second quarter over first. Rest of 2013 expected to be flat before moving ahead again in 2014.

Retail prices index 鈻�
Retail prices rose around 1% in the second quarter due to higher prices for clothing and footwear and alcohol. Inflation is expected to edge higher in coming months.

02 / TRENDS AND FORECASTS

Tender prices edged up in the second quarter of 2013. Davis Langdon鈥檚 Tender Price Index, which measures average tender price movement for competitively tendered projects in the Greater London area, rose by 0.5% compared with the first quarter. Is this a continuation of the 鈥渂umping along the bottom鈥� that has characterised much of the last two years or is it the start of a more sustained rise? There have been false dawns before - prices edged up in the middle of 2011 before the Eurozone crisis destroyed any emerging confidence; prices rose at the beginning of 2012 in response to a flurry of materials price rises but, again, the higher price level was unable to be maintained.

But 2013 feels slightly different. The latest quarterly survey from the British Chambers of Commerce found business confidence in the UK to be at its highest level since 2007. Deloitte鈥檚 recent UK Futures report described a return of optimism among big businesses with major firms based in the UK planning to invest over 拢13bn during 2013 in growth-related initiatives, using some of the cash piles stockpiled over the last few years. The Office for National Statistics has reviewed its figures to confirm that a double-dip recession did not occur over 4Q11/1Q12 - but we are still 3.9% below the peak economic output in 1Q08.

Economists are generally revising growth forecasts up for the first time in a long time. The National Institute of Economic and Social Research estimates that output grew by 0.6% in the three months to June and now forecast growth of 0.9% in 2013 and 1.5% in 2014. Lloyds recently nudged its forecast up to 1.1% for 2013 and 1.8% for next year.

For contractors, the outlook remains difficult. The latest construction output forecasts all point to a continuing decline in activity this year, led by further cutbacks in public sector work. But the latest new orders statistics show that, excluding the volatile infrastructure sector, the value of new orders in the first quarter of 2013 was the highest for 10 quarters and 16% higher than in the first quarter of 2012. This includes a 47% increase in the value of new orders for public sector work. Indeed, the latest surveys by Markit and Experian all point to an improving picture, led largely by increases in housing and civil engineering activity.

The mood of contractors and subcontractors is changing. For four years, cost increases have been absorbed and contractors have restructured but models of cost cutting and cost absorption are no longer sustainable. Contractors are now wary of risk and prefer to decline tendering opportunities where they see little chance of a sensible return. There is waning appetite for single-stage open tendering, particularly if clients can be persuaded of the merits of a two-stage approach or if framework opportunities exist. Although materials cost pressures have been relatively benign of late, contractors are wary of taking on long term fixed price risks for items such as steel.

Although the rate of insolvencies has been coming down, the industry has lost a large number of companies. Those remaining have a stronger hand to play and can be more choosy about the work they bid for. At the same time, clients are moving away from lowest bid, possibly having been bitten from decisions that have resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes both in quality and outturn price.

The sharpest increase in activity has been in the housing sector, where prices have been rising for some time. As a result, bricklayers are seeing pay rates rise and overheads and profit levels may be beginning to move. Staff are being lured to busier contractors, inevitably with higher remuneration packages. A lot of new developments are currently starting (ahead of the March 2015 funding deadline) which will place further pressure on contractors and sub-contractors. Lead-in times for certain materials such as bricks, blocks, steel and M&E components have lengthened as suppliers have previously cut back on production capacity.

The trend is clearly upwards, with momentum growing, and the impetus is with housing and infrastructure. The Spending Round announced last month was about spending in 2015-16 and the Investing in Britain鈥檚 Future report was largely about infrastructure aspirations beyond then rather than driving shovel ready projects forward now. In the private sector, activity remains largely focused on London and the South-east but elsewhere investment interest is growing.

The recommendation regarding construction prices is to be wary. If contractors quickly regain confidence in the outlook, then prices could move upwards quite quickly. In London this may already have started and prices over the next year are forecast to increase by 2-4%, rising to 3-6% the following year if construction momentum is maintained as contractors and the supply chain attempt to rebuild following events of the last five years. Outside of London, price recovery will take longer as activity remains muted, although prices have already hardened in certain sectors. Over the next year, prices will probably rise by up to 2% but a ripple effect from London will push prices higher in 2014-15 by 2-4% depending on the speed of economic recovery.

03 / SPENDING ROUND 2013

This year鈥檚 Spending Round - a two-day double act shared between chancellor George Osborne and chief secretary to the Treasury Danny Alexander - underwhelmed.
According to the chancellor, his commitment to infrastructure spending will amount to 鈥渢he largest investment in railways since the Victorian age鈥� and the biggest spend on 鈥渞oads since the seventies鈥�. But headlines for tomorrow are not construction jobs today.

The Spending Round and Investing in Britain鈥檚 Future in summary:

• The government will reduce current spending by 拢11.5bn in 2015-16, allowing it to increase capital spending plans by 拢3bn a year from 2015-16 and by 拢18bn over the next parliament (as announced in Budget 2013).
• The chancellor reaffirmed a commitment to spend 拢50.4bn on public sector gross investment in 2015/16 - the same figure that was outlined in the 2013 Budget, though this amounts to a real terms cut of 1.7% against 2014/15, once inflation is removed
• Infrastructure investment of 拢100bn is planned over the next parliament. Rail and roads will be the biggest winners: 拢28bn of road investment will include 拢10bn for road repairs. Network Rail will receive 拢9bn between 2014/15 and 2018/19 and the government reaffirmed its commitment to HS2.
• The Guarantees Scheme is extended by two years to December 2016. It is hoped that this will build the perception among private investors that the UK is a place for secure and successful investment.
• Schools are set to see 拢21bn of capital investment over the next parliament, providing up to 180 free schools, 20 university colleges and 20 studio schools a year and to rebuild 150 schools by 2017. This is a substantial increase on school building after the apparent hiatus on expenditure during this parliament. Those within the industry might be easily forgiven for viewing such figures with scepticism.
• The Department of Health鈥檚 capital budget will rise by just 0.1% in 2015-16. Although the health sector is set for 拢1.4bn of investment for hospital upgrades and redevelopments, this is not believed to be new funding and relates to previous announcements.
• Housebuilding receives an injection of 拢3.3bn for 165,000 new affordable homes between 2015/16 and 2017/18. This level of grant is more per property than the most recent round in May 2013 but still less than the previous round from 2011-14. RSLs will be expected to fund new developments through increased private sector borrowing, backed up by a commitment that social housing rents will rise annually by CPI +1%.
• Science investment sees increased capital funding in real terms from 拢0.6bn in 2012/13 to 拢1.1bn in 2015/16 with inflationary increases to be applied until 2020-21. As such, science was one of the real winners in the Spending Round.
• Commitments made via off-balance-sheet contracts (either through PFI or PF2) will be limited in nominal terms to 拢70bn for five years from 2015/16.
• Sale of government assets is forecast to total 拢15bn, with 拢5bn expected to be land and property. It has been declared that the proceeds of these sales will be used for investmentpurposes, rather than simply paying down existing debt.
• Delivery of public sector infrastructure programmes and projects is to be overhauled in a review by Lord Deighton. Specialist delivery units will manage projects combined with progress monitoring by a Major Infrastructure Tracking team. Policy reforms are also announced that seek to attract private investment, specifically in energy generation.
• Creation of a Single Local Growth Fund from 2015/16 will enable local government to set the strategic direction of their area. The fund will receive 拢2bn per year, with bids required from Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEP) to access funding. This is much less than Lord Heseltine had envisaged for his local growth agenda. LEPs will also be given responsibility for determining how 鈧�6.2bn (拢5.3bn) of EU Structural and Investment Funds are spent. However, it is feared that future delivery and capacity risks may arise because of reduced public sector staffing levels.

The chancellor rightly acknowledged that short-termism by many successive governments has usually prevailed over the longer-term needs of the country. This is a welcome and significant improvement in position, and recognises the importance of infrastructure in supporting the UK鈥檚 economic output. But with questionable progress on the National Infrastructure Plan (NIP), more could be done to relate NIP projects to an overarching strategy for the economy鈥檚 balanced development.

While he was speaking about housing specifically in an interview for website Liberal Democrat Voice, the deputy prime minister spoke for the construction industry generally - and its link to public sector capital expenditure - when he said: 鈥淭he gap between intention, announcement and delivery is quite significant鈥�. Conceivably, this will remain the case until the projects announced in this Spending Round begin later this decade.

04 / ACTIVITY INDICATORS

Construction output 鈻�

The first five months of 2013 saw the volume of construction output in Great Britain continue to slide. Compared with the same period of 2012, total output was 4.7% lower, with new work down by 6.2% (at constant prices). The fall in construction activity was most exemplified by public non-housing work, where the volume of output was down 18.3%, a loss of 拢150m a month.

The only sector to register an increase over this period was the much-reduced private industrial sector. The sector declined from 拢6.4bn in 2007 to 拢3.4bn in 2011. Last year saw a bit of a recovery in factory building and the trend has been maintained into 2013 with sector output 6% higher but this represents an increase of just 拢81m.

The private commercial sector continued to disappoint, with output in the first five months of 2013 9.2% lower than in the same period of 2012, with retail work showing the weakest performance.

Orders for new construction 鈻�

ONS figures for the volume of orders for new construction by main contractors in Great Britain have been quite erratic over the last two years including numerous revisions to the data, for example, a massive 15% upward revision to the 4Q12 new work total. The value of orders in 1Q13 is reported as being down 6.9% on the previous quarter at current prices or 10% lower at seasonally adjusted constant prices. However, it still represents the highest quarterly return for two years at current prices and it remains to be seen whether this figure is also subsequently revised upwards.

The latest level of total new orders is still only at 60% of the value of work being awarded to contractors in 2006/7. Private commercial orders are running at just 42% of their 2006 level and private industrial orders are down at 34%.

The volume of orders for infrastructure work is now considerably higher than it was in 2006. But the volume for 1Q13 disappointed badly and was the second-lowest total since 2007: at just over 拢2bn, the volume was 35% lower than the average volume of the previous four quarters with all sub-sectors except harbours underperforming expectation.

The volume of orders for public non-housing work in 1Q13 was only slightly lower than the level of orders in 2006, though significantly lower than during the years of plenty in 2008-10. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, the volume of orders in the last two quarters was over 20% higher than the average of the previous year, as health orders rebounded, boosted by 拢845m of new orders in the first quarter.

Orders for education work were stronger following the hiatus at the end of 2011 and beginning of 2012.

Markit/CIPS UK Construction PMI 鈻�

Markit鈥檚 latest monthly Construction Purchasing Managers鈥� Index posted a further moderate rise in business activity in the UK in June. This is the second month running that has seen a rise, prompting optimism of a sustained recovery.

The pace of new orders expansion hit a 13-month high, and four times as many companies anticipate a rise in output over the next 12 months as those that forecast a drop.

In addition, workforce numbers rose.

04 / BUILDING COST INDEX

Provisional figures for the second quarter 2013 show that the 黑洞社区 Cost Index rose by 3.1% compared with the second quarter 2012. Most of this was the result of the one-off withdrawal of the National Insurance concession on holiday with pay schemes, largely unique to the construction industry, at the end of last year.

Over the year ahead, the rise in the index is forecast to drop to about 2.1%, picking up to 2.4% during the following year.

Labour

Directly employed operatives in the building and civil engineering industry received a 2% wage increase in January. Employees under the BATJIC agreement, generally working for smaller Federation of Master Builders companies, enjoyed a 2-3% pay rise from 17 June. The index assumes a further 2% wage increase from January 2014 for building operatives, in line with agreements already in place for electricians and steelworkers.

Materials

Construction materials prices in the first five months of 2013 rose by just 1.1% according to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), lower than the 1.3% recorded in 2012 and way below the 6.2% and 5.1% recorded for the same periods of 2011 and 2010, when steel prices were rampant.

Steel prices began the year with a short-lived price increase, which was quickly reversed, and global steel prices have been falling since February with prices in recession hit Europe falling further than in North America or Asia. In the UK, rebar prices have fallen 7.5% since the first quarter and are 12% lower than in the first quarter of 2012. Structural steel prices have fallen only 3% since the beginning of the year but are 8% lower over the last 15 months.

Weak demand has suppressed steel prices throughout the world but steel鈥檚 raw material prices have reduced pressure on steel manufacturers to push for increases. Iron ore prices have fluctuated quite wildly, rising sharply at the beginning of the year but slumping more than 25% since February to a level well below last year鈥檚 average price. Coal prices have fallen more than 20% since February and are nearly 40% lower than in the second quarter last year. Similarly, scrap prices have fallen 8% since January and are 14% lower than this time last year.

The outlook is for subdued steel price movement over the coming months. Longer term, rising supply should constrain iron ore prices and coal prices are likely to come under further downward price pressure while supply exceeds demand.

Weak global demand and, particularly, a reduced level of growth in China, has reduced demand for commodities across the board. There has been a 10% fall in the Economist鈥檚 Commodity Price Index since the beginning of February.